Cardiology
What is the muscular organ roughly the size of a closed fist that pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart.
What is the "acidic soup" of partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the small intestine?
Chyme
What "fight or flight" hormone is released by the body during high-stress or scary situations?
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Which vitamin, found in citrus fruits, is famous for supporting the immune system and preventing scurvy?
Vitamin C.
In an emergency, what do the letters in the life-saving mnemonic "ABC" stand for?
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.
What are the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?
Arteries
In which long, coiled organ does most of the actual absorption of nutrients take place?
The small intestine.
What is the medical term for a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation?
A phobia.
Which mineral is essential for creating hemoglobin, the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen?
Iron
What is the very first thing you should do to a wound that is bleeding heavily?
Apply direct pressure.
What is the measurement of the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries?
Blood pressure.
Which small, pouch-like organ stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion?
The gallbladder.
Which sleep-regulating hormone is often disrupted by the "blue light" emitted from phone and computer screens?
Melatonin
What is the fatty acid found in fish that supports brain health?
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
hat is the medical term for a state of "low blood sugar," an emergency often seen in diabetic patients that can cause confusion or fainting?
Hypoglycemia.
What are the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood as it enters?
The atria.
What is the term for the wave-like muscle contractions that move food down the esophagus?
Peristalsis
Which part of the brain, located at the very front, is responsible for personality and decision-making?
The frontal lobe.
What indigestible part of plant foods helps keep the digestive system moving regularly?
Fiber
If a 7-year-old patient presents with high blood sugar and their pancreas is not producing insulin, what condition is this most consistent with?
Type 1 Diabetes
What is the small group of cells in the right atrium that acts as a "natural pacemaker" by sending electrical signals?
The SA (sinoatrial) node.
What is the condition where the body cannot properly digest the sugar found in dairy products?
Lactose intolerance.
What is the name of the almond-shaped cluster in the brain's temporal lobe that is primarily responsible for processing emotions, especially fear?
The Amygdala.
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber? Name a food from each category.
Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel that slows digestion and helps lower cholesterol (Oats, beans, Apples, Avocados, Chia seeds, Carrots)
Insoluble fiber does not dissolve and adds bulk to stool to prevent constipation (Corn, Whole Wheat Bread, Brown Rice, Cauliflower, Almonds, Quinoa)
A 14-year-old patient presents with progressively worsening right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past 24 hours. The pain initially started near the umbilicus and later localized to the right lower quadrant. They also have associated symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and decreased appetite. What is the most likely diagnosis?
acute appendicitis, a condition caused by obstruction of the appendix