Medical Surgical Unit 6 Study Guide

Kidney Structure and Functions

100

Normal and Abnormal Specific Gravity

Normal: 1.010-1.025

Higher: concentrated urine, results of dehydration or urinary retention

Lower: diluted urine, results of overhydration or physical disorders

200

Function of Afferent Arterioles

Supply blood to the glomeruli

300

Function of Urinary Bladder

Holds urine

Can hold up to 1,000 mL but 200-400 mL in most people

Hollow sac and is sterile

400

Function of Kidneys

Extract wastes from the blood

Balance body fluids

Form urine

500

Function of RAA (ADH, Renin, Aldosterone) (Maintaining Homeostasis)

ADH: Increases reabsorption of water by kidney tubules. Result: maintenance of circulating BV and BP

Renin: Stimulates formation of angiotensin I. Result: Brings up BP

Aldosterone: Promotes Na and H2O retention. Result: Excrete potassium and sodium and water return to bloodstream

Nursing Interventions

500

IVP and Cystoscopy

IVP: Monitor and observe for untoward reactions to dye and instruct client and family to provide at least 2-4 L of fluids for 24 hours after the test

Cystoscopy: Report blood-tinged urine for more than 24 hours or darkening urine, encourage pushing fluids, help with sitz baths, and remind to report S/S of UTI or increasing blood in urine