In the Beginning:
What is a prefix, a root and a suffix?
prefix= beginning
root= main part
suffix= end
Why are directional terms used?
They describe where one body part is in relation to another
What is the nervous system?
-coordinates and controls body activity
-detects and processes internal and external information and formulates appropriate responses
3 layers of the heart:
1) epicardium- outer surface
2) endocardium- thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
3) myocardium- muscular tissue of the heart
Internal and external respiration
Internal= gas exchange between blood and cells
external= gas exchange between lungs and blood
What is the root, prefix and suffix of intravenous?
root= ven
prefix= intra
suffix= ous
Sagittal plane=?
Divides the body into unequal right and left halves
What is CNS?
What is PNS?
CNS= central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
PNS= peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves, automatic nervous system and ganglia)
Blood Vessels
arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
upper respiratory tract
-air enters and exits the body through the nose
What does oste/o mean?
bone
What sections the body into head end and tail end parts?
Transverse planes
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid is the clear, colourless ultrafiltrate that nourishes, cools and cushions the CNS
Abnormalities
-arrhythmia- heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm
-sinus arrhythmia- heart rate varies due to reflex changes in vagal tone during the different stages of the respiratory cycle
-heart murmur- sounds during heartbeat cycle (whooshing/swishing) made by turbulent blood in or near the heart
Lower respiratory tract
-the trachea extends from the neck to the chest and passes air from the larynx to the thoracic cavity
What is a condition of blue discolouration?
cyan/osis
Dorsal
back
Spinal Cord
-Continuation of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem
-passes through an opening in the occipital bone called the foramen magnum
3 main blood vessels
1) arteries
2) capillaries
3) veins
Supporting Structures
-the thoracic cavity is contained within the ribs
-cost/o= combining form for ribs
-thorac/o and thorax= chest
Break down Ovariohysterectomy
root= ovari/o, hyster (ovary, uterus)
prefix= *there is not one*
suffix= ectomy (surgical removal)
What does cranial and caudal mean?
cranial= towards the head
caudal= towards the tail
Intervertebral Discs
-Fibrocartilage pad (cushions)
-inter- between or among
-vertebr/o- backbone
-al- pertaining to
Blood pressure
-Tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls
-Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure
-Blood pressure is measured by a sphygmomanometer
Hyperventilation
-occurs when the rate and quantity of alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds the body's production of carbon dioxide