Type I vs Type II
Age of onset, usually under 30 years of age.
What is Type I diabetes?
Patient is usually nonobese.
What is type I diabetes?
Onset within 5-15 minutes, peak in about one hour.
What are Rapid-Acting Insulins?
A delay in gastric emptying.
What is gastroparesis?
A standardized test that measures how much glucose permanently attaches to the hemoglobin molecule; is often used to indicate the effectiveness of blood glucose control measures. shows the average blood glucose level during the previous 120 days—the life span of red blood cells.
What is glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)?
Age of onset, school-age to older adult.
What is type II diabetes?
Usually obese, can be average weight range.
What is type II diabetes?
Onset-30-60 minutes, peak 2-4 hours, duration 5-7 hour.
What is short acting insulin?
Progressive deterioration of nerve function with the loss of sensory perception.
What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
Teach patient the signs and symptoms (hunger, headache, tremors, sweating, confusion)
What is hypoglycemia?
Insulin production is not adequate.
What is type II diabetes?
Cool, clammy, "sweaty"
What is hypoglycemia?
Cannot be mixed with any other insulin, onset 2-4 hours, does not have a peak.
What is Long-Acting Insulin or Insulin Glargine (Lantus) or basal insulin therapy?
Is related to problems that block retinal blood vessels and cause them to leak, leading to retinal hypoxia. Also, has few symptoms until vision loss occurs.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Insulin absorption is fastest in this area, except for a 2-inch radius around the navel.
What is the preferred injection site? or abdomen.
No insulin production.
What is type I diabetes?
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
What is hyperglycemia or what are classic symptoms of diabetes?
Remind patients that this drug must be stopped before certain imaging tests using contrast agents and not started again for 48 hours after testing because of the increased risk for kidney damage and lactic acidosis.
What is Metformin?
A pathologic change in the kidney that reduces kidney function and leads to kidney failure.
What is nephropathy or diabetic nephropathy?
Is a simple approach to nutrition and meal planning that uses label information of the nutritional content of packaged food items.
What is carbohydrate counting?
Patho: Pancreatic beta cell destruction.
What is type I diabetes?
A deep and rapid respiratory pattern triggered by acidosis to reduce blood hydrogen ion concentration by “blowing off” carbon dioxide.
What is Kussmaul respirations?
Lower blood glucose levels by triggering the release of preformed insulin from beta cells.
What are Insulin Stimulators or (Secretagogues)?
Complications include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease, all of which lead to early morbidity and mortality.
What are macrovascular complications?
Some instructions given to patient: Monitor your blood glucose at least every 4 hours. Test your urine for ketones when your blood glucose level is greater than 240 mg/dL (13.8 mmol/L). To prevent dehydration, drink 8 to 12 ounces (240 to 360 mL) of sugar-free liquids every hour that you are awake.
What are sick day rules?