Medication Administration
MAR stands for...
Medication Administration Record
Topical medications are applied using.
With an apparatus such as a cotton swab or a tongue blade.
OR a gloved finger
The delivery of medication from the site of administration to various organs in the body.
Distribution
NPO
Nothing by mouth
Any abnormal, unexpected response to a medication.
What is idiosyncratic reaction?
List the 6 rights of medication administration.
Right:
patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation,
Used ONLY for medication intended for systemic absorption.
Transdermal Patches
What is the onset of p.o. administered medications?
Ususally 20-30 mins, but up to an hour
The deactivation of drugs in the body where drugs are chemically deactivated or changed into an inactivated form in preparation for excretion.
Drug Metabolisim
When preparing the eye for medication instillation what must we do first?
Cleanse the eye gently from inner to outer canthus.
This type of reaction involves the respiratory system.
What is anaphylactic reaction?
Any noxious, unintended, and undesired result of taking a drug in appropriate doses
adverse reaction
What directions would you give a parent when educating how to instill ear drops for their 3 year old.
Pull lower ear lobe down and backward prior to instillation.
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
Absorption
How far should you insert a rectal suppository in an adult.
Up to 4 inches. NEVER force.
Any preventable event involving inappropriate medication use ; may or may not cause patient harm.
What are medication errors?
A pre-existing condition that makes it unsafe or otherwise inappropriate to administer a particular drug
Contraindication
When is a rectal medication contraindicated?
When there is active rectal bleeding.
The ultimate removal of drug molecules from their sites of action and elimination from the body.
Excretion
When are oral mediations contraindicated?
Patients with impaired swallowing. Risk for aspiration is to great.
Patients who have nausea or vomiting.
NPO
Absence of a gag reflex
The ethical principle of doing or actively promoting good.
What is beneficence?
Number of times the nurse should check the medication being administered against the MAR.
3 times.
Reasons a patient may not adhere to the medication regimen.
Cost.
Visual and motor deficit: Can not read label or manipulate bottles/syringes.
Unable to tolerate side effects.
Forgetfulness
Impaired mental capacity
Do symptoms of disease
Does not believe in the medication regimen
What are the essential parts of a medication order.
Patient's full name.
Date and time
Name of the medication
Dosage. frequency
Route of administration
Signature of the provider.
Drugs are metabolized in the body by these .
Kidneys
Liver
Gastrointestinal tract.
Lungs
Blood Plasma are primary organs of drug metabolism
What are ways you can help a person who has difficulty swallowing take their medications.
You may crush the tablets if not contraindicated
See if the medication is available in liquid form
Gently massage the area just below the chin to initiate swallowing.
Ask for a speech (swallow) consult and collaborate with the speech therapist for other suggestions.
True or False: When mixing insulin, inject air into the vial of intermediate-acting insulin first.
What is true?
Besides using 2 identifiers what do you ask the patient before administering a new medication
Do you have any allergies?
Injection into a vein
What is intravenous
Given on a regular schedule until the provider cancels or replaces the order
What is routine order
Primary excretion of medications from the body takes place where?
What is the kidneys
Number of identifiers used before administering medications
What is 2
This term is used because these drugs require two licensed staff members to verify the drug & dose. Examples are insulin and heparin.
What is high alert drug?
Drugs that enter through the GI tract
What is enteral
Injection into a muscle 18 - 27 gauge
45 to 90 degree angle depending on patients size
What is IM
Most convenient and easiest administration
Expected response
What is therapeutic effects
Given at the request of a patient or when the nurse observes the need
What is prn order
This term is used to describe the intramuscular technique used when a medication could cause irritation to the subcutaneous tissue.
What is Z-track technique?
Initially the MAR is verified with the ...
The provider's order.
ID, SQ, IV or IM
What are parenteral routes
What is the biggest risk associated with oral administration of medications?
What is aspiration
Higher concentration to lower concentration
What is diffusion
To be given once and immediately
What is stat
This angle is used for an intradermal injection.
What is 5 to 15 degrees?
Applied to the skin or mucous membranes for a localized effect
What is topical administration
Administered through nasal or oral passages
What is inhalation route
Types of medications that you don't crush. Name 3
What is enteric coated, XL, SR
Unintended response
What are adverse effects
To be given once up to 90 minutes after the order is given
What is now order
This number refers to the amount of times medication is checked prior to administering.
What is three?
An older adult patient needs an intramuscular injection of antibiotic. Which site is best to use?
What is ventrogluteal
Administered to the eye area for a localized effect.
What is intraocular route
The essential component that is missing
Jane Doe
September 23, 2023 0735
Amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours for 10 days
Dr. John Smith
What is route
Medication reaches the intended site and begins to break down
What is metabolism
This technique is used when preparing medication from a vial or ampule.
What is sterile technique?
True or False:
For crushed medications mixed with food, administer each medication separately in a teaspoon of food.
What is true?