Key Terms
Define Dose
The amount of medication ordered to be administered at one time
Which system is preferred for healthcare and science
Metric System
Difference between side effect and adverse drug reaction?
Side effect = unintended but expected; ADR = harmful/unpredictable.
What is a drug-drug interaction
When one drug changes the effect of another.
What if a dose is too low?
The medication may not work properly
What is an idiosyncratic drug reaction?
A type of unpredictable reaction not related to dose or known effects
Convert 1000mg into grams
1 gram
State one local and one systemic side effect
Local: injection site pain; Systemic: hypertension from corticosteroids
Define antagonism.
One drug decrease or cancels the effects of another.
What could happen when a dose is too high?
Can cause toxicity
What is the difference between addition and synergism
Addition = sum of effects; Synergism = greater than sum.
Give an example of a household measurement and why it is not used
Teaspoon; not accurate for meds
What is a paradoxical reaction?
Opposite of expected; benzodiazepines causing anxiety.
What happens in potentiation?
Potentiation = one drug increases another; Synergism = combined greater effect.
What happens in drug tolerance?
Reduced effect with the same dose
Define therapeutic dose vs toxicity
Therapeutic dose = desired effect; Toxicity = harmful/poisoning effect
How many Milliliters are in a liter
1000ml
Steps for anaphylaxis?
Call for help, stop cause, epi by trained staff, monitor closely.
What is a drug nutrient interaction.
Food/Beverage alters drug
Polypharmacy refers to taking?
5 or greater medications
This happens when drugs bind to receptors that are not the target tissues
Side effects
Dosage range is determined during this process
Clinical trials
What is the term used to describe when the gap between a drug’s highest safe dose and its lowest effective (therapeutic) dose is very small?
Narrow Therapeutic Index drug (NTI)
This can happen within seconds of exposure or up to 30 minutes after a drug is administered
Anaphylaxis
Term that describes when a person has a tolerance to different drugs in the same drug class
Cross-tolerance