Anticoagulants
What is the main purpose of anticoagulants?
To prevent clotting by inhibiting clotting factors
What do antiplatelet medications prevent?
Platelets from clumping together
What do thrombolytic medications do?
Dissolve clots that have already formed
Erythropoietic growth factors increase production of which blood component?
Red blood cells
Name one purpose of blood or blood products.
Replace blood loss, clotting factors, increase oxygen capacity, or volume
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
Which antiplatelet is commonly used to prevent MI and strokes?
Aspirin
What enzyme do thrombolytics activate to break down clots?
Plasmin (by converting plasminogen to plasmin)
What condition is epoetin alfa commonly used to treat
Anemia due to chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy
Which blood product is used to increase oxygen-carrying capacity?
Packed red blood cells
Which anticoagulant requires monitoring of INR and is affected by vitamin K?
Warfarin (Vitamin K inhibitor)
What serious complication can aspirin cause, especially in children with viral infections?
Reye’s syndrome
Name one therapeutic use of thrombolytics.
Acute MI, massive PE, acute ischemic stroke, restore patency to central IV
Leukopoietic growth factors increase production of which type of cell?
Neutrophils
What is done before giving a blood transfusion to ensure compatibility?
Typing and crossmatching
Name one condition where heparin is used for prompt anticoagulation.
CVA, PE, DVT, heart surgery, dialysis, or DIC
Which antiplatelet medication can cause GI effects and bleeding and is contraindicated in lactation?
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Name one site where internal bleeding can occur as a complication.
GI tract, GU tract, or brain (cerebral bleeding)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is used after what major procedure to hasten bone marrow recovery?
Bone marrow transplant
Which product is given to replace clotting factors quickly?
Fresh frozen plasma
If a patient has HIT, what medication can you use instead?
Argatroban (Direct Thrombin Inhibitor)
Which antiplatelet should be avoided in patients with bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia, and used with caution in those with peptic ulcer disease?
Aspirin
What medication is considered a thrombolytic?
Alteplase
The process by which blood cells and platelets are naturally produced in the body is called what?
Hematopoiesis
What is the universal blood donor?
Type O Negative