Cardiac Glycosides & Heart Failure
Cardiac glycoside (prototype medication)
What is digoxin?
Sudden pain beneath the sternum radiating to the left shoulder, arm and jaw.
What is angina (or anginal pain)?
These are the four main classification groups of antidysrhythmics.
What are sodium channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, potassium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers?
These are the functions of antilipemic agents.
What are: lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels; raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels; and possibly decrease very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels?
These are the medications listed as prototype medications for the anticoagulant heparins, LMW heparins, and activated factor Xa inhibitors.
What are: Heparin (unfractionated), enoxaparin, and fondaparinux?
Increased force of myocardial contraction
-Increased force and efficiency of myocardial contraction improves the heart's effectiveness as a pump, improving the stroke volume and cardiac output.
What is positive inotropic effect?
Treatment of acute angina attack & prophylaxis of chronic stable angina or variant angina.
What are some therapeutic uses for nitroglycerin (NG)?
Class I antidysrhythmic medications are divided into 3 groups. These are the prototype medications listed in these classes.
What are: Class IA Procainamide (oral,IV); Class IB Lidocaine (IV); Class IC Propafenone (oral)?
This is the selected prototype medication for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).
What is Atorvastatin?
These are the therapeutic uses for low molecular weight (LMW) heparins.
What are: post-op DVT prevention; treatment of DVT & PE; prevention of complications from angina, non-Q wave MI, and ST elevation MI?
Decreased heart rate -At therapeutic levels, digoxin slows the rate of sinoatrial node depolarization and the rate of impulses through the conduction system of the heart. -A decreased heart rate gives the ventricles more time to fill with blood coming from the atria, which leads to SV and increased CO.
What is negative chronotropic effect?
Headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and tolerance.
What are complications of nitroglycerin?
These medications prevent sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart.
What are beta-adrenergic blockers?
These are the complications listed for statins like atorvastatin.
What are hepatotoxicity and mypoathy?
This is the selected prototype medication for Vitamin K inhibitors.
What is warfarin?
Epinephrine, dopamine, & dobutamine
What are adrenergic agonists?
Methods of administration of nitroglycerin.
What are: sublingual tablet and translingual spray; sustained-release oral capsules; transdermal; topical ointment; & intravenous?
These medications prolong the action potential and refractory period of the cardiac cycle.
What are potassium channel blockers?
This medication is the selected prototype medication for cholesterol absorption inhibitors.
What is ezetimibe?
This is the expected pharmacological action of vitamin K inhibitors.
What is: antagonizes vit K, thereby preventing the synthesis of four coagulation factors: factor VII, XI, X, and prothrombin?
Nursing evaluation of medication effectiveness of digoxin.
What is:
control of heart failure, absence of cardiac dysrhythmias
These are complications associated with the antianginal agent ranolazine.
What are QT prolongation and elevated blood pressure?
These medications prolong cardiac conduction, depress depolarization, and decrease oxygen demand of the heart.
What are calcium channel blockers?
These are the therapeutic uses for gemfibrozil.
What are: reduction of plasma triglycerides; and increased levels of HDL?
This is the selected prototype medication listed as the direct inhibitor of factor Xa.
What is rivaroxaban?