Pharmacokinetics & Routes of Administration
the transmission of medications from the location of administration (GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissue) to the bloodstream
What is absorption?
Requires monitoring by a provider, but do not generally pose risks of misuse and addiction. Antibiotics are an example of uncontrolled prescription medications.
What is uncontrolled substances?
0.746 = 0.75
What is rounding to the nearest hundredth?
Pallor, local swelling at the IV site, decreased skin temperature around the site, damp dressing, slowed infusion
What is infiltration?
An adverse medication effect that is considered severe and can be life-threatening. It can be caused by an excessive dose, but it also can occur at therapeutic dose levels.
What is toxicity?
This refers to the time for the medication in the body to drop by 50%
What is Half-life?
Right client, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation, right client education, right to refuse, right assessment.
What is rights of safe medication administration?
Ratio and proportion, formula (desired over have), and dimensional analysis
What are the three different methods for dosage calculation?
Pain, burning, redness, swelling around the IV site
What is extravasation?
A severe allergic reaction that affects deep tissues (blood vessels, skin, subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes). Involves the lips, face, oropharyngeal cavity, and neck, but can also affect the intestinal system and other parts of the body.
What is angioedema?
This occurs primarily in the liver, but it also takes place in the kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood.
What is Metabolism?
Nurses compile a list of each client’s current medications, including all medications with their dosages and frequency. They compare the list with new medication prescriptions and reconcile it with the provider to resolve any discrepancies. This process should take place at admission, when transferring clients between units or facilities, and at discharge.
What is medication reconciliation?
Solid oral medication, liquid oral medication, injectible medication, correct doses by weight, and IV infusion rates
What are the five different types of calculations?
What is a blood pressure cuff?
Decreased or absent immune response
What is immunosuppression?
This method prevents medication from leaking back into subcutaneous tissue.
What is Z-track technique?
Wrong medication or IV fluid, Incorrect dose or IV rate
Wrong client, route, or time, Administration of an allergy-inducing medication, Omission of a dose or administration of extra doses, Incorrect discontinuation of a medication or IV fluid, Inaccurate prescribing, Inadvertently giving a medication that has a similar name.
What is common medication errors?
An equation that determines the ratio that contains the same unit being calculated
What is dimensional analysis?
priority action when detecting IV complication
What is stop the infusion?
Manifestations of this can start with anxiety, weakness, generalized itching and hives that progress to erythema and angioedema of the head neck.
What is anaphylaxis?
medications that bind to or mimic the receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate.
What is agonists?
Medications can interact with each other, resulting in beneficial or harmful effects. For example, giving the beta blocker atenolol concurrently with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine helps prevent reflex tachycardia. An example of an undesirable interaction is giving omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, concurrently with phenytoin, an anticonvulsant. This can increasethe blood level of phenytoin.Obtain a complete medication history, and be knowledgeable of clinically significant interactions.Be aware that medications can also interact beneficially or harmfully with food and with herbal and dietary supplements.
What is medications interactions?
The number of drops per milliliter of solution
What is the drop factor?
Never administer IV medications through tubing that is infusing these products
What is blood, blood products, or parenteral nutrition solutions?
This juice acts by inhibiting medication metabolism in the small bowel, thus increasing the amount of medication available for absorption of certain oral medications.
What is grapefruit juice?