Monastic Life
Which innovation was credited to monks during the Middle Ages?
Mechanical clocks
Which 3 powers did the Pope hold during the Middle Ages?
Ability to excommunicate rulers,
Authority to crown kings,
Power to call Crusades
Which English document of 1215 limited the power of the monarchy?
The Magna Carta
What treaty in 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War and shaped the idea of nation-states?
Treaty of Westphalia
The use of "Greek Fire" by the Byzantine navy demonstrates:
The importance of military technology in maintaining empires
True or False? Monks and nuns in monasteries took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. (If false, explain why.)
True
Which style of architecture introduced flying buttresses and stained-glass windows?
Gothic
True or False?
After the fall of Rome, Europe experienced huge growth in trade, urban life, and a centralized government.(If false, give a reason why.)
False- global trade slowed down and feudalism was established
What unintended outcome occurred during the Fourth Crusade?
Constantinople was sacked by Crusaders
True or False? The Hagia Sophia was originally built as a mosque by the Byzantines. (If false, explain why.)
False- It was originally a Christian church.
How did monasteries contribute to education?
Monks copied illuminated scripts, developed universities
How was the church similar to a government system?
funded arts and education, collected taxes
Define monarch and how they were chosen.
Monarchs were the kings and queens who claimed divine authority
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the Renaissance by:
Bringing classical knowledge and luxury goods back to Europe
What was the Reconquista and where did it take place?
Site of Muslim and Christian conflict- took place in Iberian Peninsula
What were 3 types of courses a person might study in the medieval university?
theology, philosophy, Latin
What was the process that Pope Gregory canceled, much to the anger of King Henry?
lay investiture (allowed the king to give input as to who the next pope/priest would be)
Define three characteristics of a serf in the feudal system.
Bound to a lord's land, serfs could not leave the manor, worked in exchange for protection, food, and shelter
True or False? The Hundred Years' War introduced new technologies like the longbow and cannon. (If false, explain why.)
True
What is the name today of the city that used to be called Constantinople?
Istanbul
What was the purpose of the Books of Hours monks created?
served as models for laypeople to imitate the daily prayer routines of monks
Why did King Henry get excommunicated by the Pope?
He held a council with the nobles to disobey Pope Gregory's law.
What is 'succession' and why did it often lead to conflict?
How power is passed down after a monarch dies- often led to dynastic conflicts, civil war
True or False? The Crusades successfully kept Jerusalem permanently under Christian control. (If false, explain why.)
False- Muslims and Christians both took control of Jerusalem during the Crusades.
What were 2 differences between the Byzantine Empire (eastern Europe) and the Roman Catholic Empire (western Europe)?
Byzantines used Greek instead of Latin,
was led by the Patriarch of Constantinople instead of the Pope,
the emperor had the authority, not the Pope