Feudalism & Economy
In the feudal system, it was a grant of land given to a vassal in exchange for service.
What is a fief?
This Frankish leader was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" in 800 AD.
Who is Charlemagne?
This was the ultimate goal city for Crusaders during the First Crusade.
What is Jerusalem?
This "deadly" event was spread primarily by fleas on rats traveling along trade routes.
What is the Black Death (Bubonic Plague)?
This set of behaviors and moral standards was designed specifically for knights.
What is the Code of Chivalry?
This economic system involved peasants working a lord's land in exchange for protection.
What is the Manorial System?
Historians generally consider the fall of this empire to mark the beginning of the Middle Ages.
What is the Western Roman Empire?
This event in 1054 resulted in a permanent split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
What is the Great Schism?
These seafaring warriors from Scandinavia frequently raided European coasts.
Who are the Vikings?
This architectural style is famous for using flying buttresses and stained-glass windows.
What is Gothic?
This agricultural practice involved leaving a field unplanted for a season to let soil nutrients recover.
What is the fallow field?
This empire differed from Rome by maintaining a centralized government in Constantinople.
What is the Byzantine Empire?
This group is credited with preserving much of Greek and Roman knowledge in their monasteries.
Who are Christian monks?
This long-running war was fought primarily between the nations of England and France.
What is the Hundred Years' War?
This term refers to the everyday language spoken by people in a specific region rather than Latin.
What is vernacular?
This 10% tax on income was paid by medieval citizens to the Church.
What is a tithe?
This 1215 document established that the law applies to everyone, including the King.
What is the Magna Carta?
This movement sought to eliminate heresy within the Catholic Church.
What is the Inquisition?
This was a major long-term effect of the Crusades, introducing new goods and ideas to Europe.
What is increased trade?
As towns grew, these new institutions emerged to provide higher education to scholars.
What are universities?
This invention allowed farmers to cultivate the thick, clay-rich soils of Northern Europe.
What is the heavy plow?
This nomadic group from Central Asia conquered much of Russia and the Middle East in the 1200s.
Who are the Mongols?
This term refers to the attempt by Christian kingdoms to retake Spain from Muslim rule.
What is the Reconquista?
The growth of these centers eventually weakened the feudal system as people moved for new opportunities.
What are towns?
He is the founder of Islam, which spread rapidly during the Middle Ages.
Who is Muhammad?