Early Medieval Europe
Clue: This empire collapsed in 476 AD when Romulus Augustulus was deposed.
Western Rome.
Clue: This son of Pepin the Short became the first ruler to pull most of Western Europe back together since the fall of Rome.
Answer: Charlemagne
Clue: This word describes a person who withdraws from ordinary society to dedicate his or her life to God.
Answer: A monk.
Clue: These military expeditions were launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries to reclaim the Holy Land.
Answer: The Crusades
Clue: This event from 1378 to 1417 involved rival popes claiming authority over the Church.
Answer: The Great Schism
Clue: After the Western Roman Empire collapsed, these groups carved up much of its former territory.
Answer: Germanic kingdoms
Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Lombards, Vandals, and Anglo-Saxons.
Clue: On Christmas Day in 800 AD, Pope Leo III gave Charlemagne this title.
Answer: Emperor of the Romans
Clue: These two new religious orders emerged in the 1200s in response to concerns about corruption in monasteries.
Answer: The Franciscans and Dominicans
Clue: This pope called for the first crusade by calling Christians to take up arms at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
Answer: Pope Urban II
Clue: During the Avignon Papacy, the papacy was moved from Rome to this city in southern France.
Answer: Avignon
Clue: Name one of the major changes that occurred in Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
1.Cities shrank
2. Long-distance trade contracted
3. Latin literacy became concentrated mostly within the Church and high nobility.
4. Political authority became decentralized
Clue: Another name for a peasant.
Answer: A Serf
This monk founded a new monastic order and was given the title of saint after his death.
Answer: St. Francis of Assisi
Clue: What holy city was captured by Crusaders during the first Crusade?
Answer: Jerusalem
Clue: Name two ways the Crusades weakened feudalism or strengthened monarchs.
Answer: Any two:
Clue: The Western Roman Empire collapses, central authority disappears, and Germanic kingdoms take control of former Roman territory.
What larger political change does this represent?
Answer: The disappearance of centralized political authority and the decentralization of power in Western Europe.
This King divided the Carolingian Empire amongst his three sons. What is his name and title?
Louis the Pious.
Clue: Monks took these three oaths.
Answer: Chastity, Poverty, and Devotion to God.
Clue:
Crusaders did not all have exactly the same reasons for participating.
Name three different motivations identified in the study guide.
Answers:
Clue: Why did the Crusades have effects beyond simply determining who controlled Jerusalem?
Answer: They increased trade and cultural exchange, enriched Italian port cities, increased European hostility toward Muslims and intolerance toward Jews, weakened feudalism, strengthened monarchs, and reshaped both Europe and the Islamic world.
Europe is raided by these three groups after the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire.
Vikings, Magyars, and Saracens
Clue: Charlemagne temporarily brought much of Western Europe back under one ruler, encouraged learning, and governed through written capitularies. What do historians call this time period?
The Carolingian Renaissance.
Clue: A king appoints bishops and abbots because he considers Church officials part of his political system. The pope argues that secular rulers should not control Church appointments.
What practice caused this conflict?
Answer: lay investiture.
Why was the third crusade not successful?
On their journey to Jerusalem:
Fredrick Barbosa drowned in a river.
Philip II Augustus contracted dysentery.
This loss of physical force caused Richard the Lionheart to form a treaty with Saladin instead of fighting.
The name of the dynasty Pepin the Short conquered.
The Merovingian Dynasty.