Islam
What three options were given to the cities before an attack by Muslims
1. Convert
2. Pay the Jizya
3. Die in battle
This person was supposed to oversee the spiritual and physical well-being of the Imperial people
The Emperor
How many years did it take to build the second complete set of walls around the city?
9 years
This saint was killed in the city square for defending an icon of Jesus
St. Theodosia
This early Christian missionary is responsible for writing nearly half of the New Testament.
Paul (Saul of Tarsus)
At this battle the Byzantine armies were slaughtered and left the lower half of their empire exposed to Muslim advances
The Battle of Yarmouk
If the Emperor wanted to declare war to whom was he supposed to report his intentions?
The Imperial Senate
Who was Emperor during the construction of the walls of the city
Emperor Theodosius (II)
This is the official term for someone who does NOT support the use of icons
'Iconoclasts'
This series of wars permanently weakened the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine-Persian Wars
The Muslim conquests started because of what early Islamic practice?
Raiding
These were military districts/states that existed within the Empire after the rise of Islam
Themes
Name the walls which surround the city
This Emperor was responsible for creating laws which forbade the use of icons throughout the Empire
Emperor Leo III
This is the name of the Justinian Law Code
Corpus Iuris Civilis
Name the four great Caliphs of early Islam
Uthman, Umar, Ali, Abu Bakr
These were military governors who oversaw the administration and defense of the Imperial provinces
Strategos
Name the man who came up with the plans to build the massive defensive walls of the city
Anthemius (Prefect of the East)
This person was born in Damascus under the rule of the Muslims and wrote many books in defense Iconography in Christian worship
St. John of Damascus
When the Muslims conquered this city they began the first Arab navy
Alexandria
Non-Muslim people in conquered territory were referred to by this name
'Dhimma' (meaning: protected person)
This was the Emperors closest group of counselors
The Comitatus
Name the sports stadium in the city
The Hippodrome
Which two popes were responsible for defending the orthodox view of icons during the Iconoclasm controversy
Gregory the II and Gregory the III
This Byzantine Imperial General retook (conquered) the ancient city of Rome
Count Belasarius