WHAT CAUSED CITIES TO GROW?
INSIDE A MEDIEVAL CITY
COMMERCIAL EXPANSION
THE BLACK DEATH
VOCABULARY
100
What was the Truce of God?
People and goods could safely move across Western Europe
100
How were medieval cities protected?
They were surrounded by fortified walls
100
What were the great fairs?
Large markets were held periodically in which large quantities of products were bought and sold
100
What was the result of climate change in the 14th century?
Widespread famine and population decline
100
FLEAS:
small parasites that live on animals (believed to have caused the Black Death)
200
What is the word for the extra product which is not consumed and can be sold?
A surplus
200
What were some of the geographic features located near medieval cities?
Fertile land, water sources, forests, quarries, etc.
200
What were the two main sea routes in Europe in the 12th century on which goods were traded?
Hansa (Atlantic and Baltic) Route and Italian (Mediterranean) Route
200
What animals were involved primarily in the spread of the Black Death?
It was caused by bacteria, transmitted from fleas to rats and from rats to humans
200
FUR:
the soft coat of an animal used to make warm clothes
300
Describe the main changes in agriculture in 11th century Western Europe:
New cultivation methods (e.g. triennial rotation and the use of manure as fertilizer)
New farming tools (e.g. mouldboard plough and the use of draught animals)
Windmills and watermills (which were used to grind grain)
300
Who were the bourgeoisie?
A new social group whose wealth came from the sale of their products and profits generated by their business
300
Why were most large ships forced to drop anchor at the sea and send small boats to the shore with their wares?
Because the were seldom port facilities for loading and unloading in the Middle Ages
300
Describe some of the symptoms of the Black Death:
-Fever
-Breathing problems
-Circulatory problems
-Blackening of the skin
300
TO WEAR DOWN:
to make tired
400
Why did the population in Western Europe increase dramatically between the 12th and 14th centuries?
An increase in agricultural production thus leading to a better diet and health
400
Where did the Jews live in medieval cities?
The Judería (the Jewish quarter)
400
How did kings take power from nobles in the 12th century?
They freed the bourgeoisie from nobles. They had become richer and gave the kings money to fund their armies in return for their freedom from feudal control
400
What population of Europe was decimated by the Black Death?
30-40% of the population (~30 million people)
400
DRAUGHT ANIMAL:
a strong animal used to pull something heavy
500
Describe the stages in the process of urban growth:
Agricultural expansion → Agricultural surplus → Economic prosperity → Trade → Growth of cities
500
Who were the urban patricians?
Privileged, ruling class of medieval cities made up of bankers, merchants and other wealthy people
500
Who attended the Cortes in the 12th and 13th centuries in Western Europe?
They were made up of nobility, clergy, and (recently) members of the bourgeoisie
500
What did the medieval peasants think was the cause of the Black Death?
They believed it was an example of Divine Punishment. They thought it was caused by sin and corruption in the Church
500
BOOM:
a period of economic growth