The Beginning
What empire grew too big and broke into eastern and western empires? pg 3
The Roman Empire
______usually spent their entire lives working on a landowner’s or lord’s estate. pg 11
Serfs
Christianity was based on the teachings of _______ pg 39
Jesus
What two sides fought during the battle? pg 49
The Normans and the English
King Henry ordered that all castles built without royal approval be____ pg.58
torn down
Who was the head of The Church? pg.5
The pope
What was life like if you were a privileged member of society? pg 10
You had enough food to eat and clothes to wear. You lived in a relatively nice house. You had servants, too. You may have been one of the few who learned to read and write. You even learned to ride a horse. If you were a boy, you learned to become a skilled swordsman. Privileged girls may have learned to embroider, to dance, and to play a musical instrument.
What does fasting mean?
to eat little or no food
True or False: King Harold won the Battle of Hastings.
False
What is treason?
the crime of being disloyal to one’s country
What is feudalism? pg 6
A medieval social, political, and economic system in Europe where land was exchanged for loyalty, protection, and labor.
How did lords increase their wealth? pg 12
Serfs paid taxes to the lord in the form of money, crops, and livestock. Sometimes the lord ran a mill and even charged his serfs a fee to grind their grain into flour.
True or False : It took hundreds of years to build a church
true
What was the Bayeux Tapestry?
The Bayeux Tapestry is a medieval embroidered cloth that tells the story of the Norman Conquest.
What was the shield tax? p 58
Instead of asking the nobles to provide soldiers for his army, the king asked for money. With this money, Henry II was able to hire soldiers for his own army.
What disease killed 1/3 of the population in Western Europe? pg .8
The Black Death or the plague
Who established guilds to set wages and prices of goods? pg 30
Merchants
What was a pilgrimage? pg 41
a journey to visit a holy shrine
What strategy led to the Norman's victory? pg 50
The Normans attacked the shield wall and would retreat to draw out the English soldiers.
Who did the four knights kill for the king while he was kneeling in prayer in Canterbury Cathedral? ch 7
Thomas Becket
Why did most people stay close to home during the Middle Ages? pg 6
Travel was difficult. They did not have enough resources. Also, people did not speak the same language.
How did knights increase their fortune? pg 19
If you were involved in successful battles and wars, you might receive money or land as payment for your services. Sometimes a king might also reward you with a title. Having a title usually meant that you were an influential member of society. Knights also made money by looting and by holding certain people for ransom.
What were the Eastern and Western parts of the Church known as? pg 39
Orthodox and Catholic
Why did the Battle of Hastings occur? pg 51
It took place because Harold and William each believed he was the true king of England.
Edward the confessor had no heir when he died
What changes did King Henry bring?
He set up a fairer legal system
He did not allow castles to be built without his approval
He imposed taxes to strengthen the monarchy