Lesson 3
How did Henry II impact the judicial system?
Common law and circuit judges
What did Thomas Aquinas study?
Scholasticism
Who was Ivan III?
Ruler / Czar of Moscow, married Byzantine emperor's sister - adopted Byzantine styles, spread Christianity to Eastern Europe
How did vernacular language change European culture?
Improved literacy
Who is credited with helping end the Hundred Years' War?
Joan of Arc
How did the Crusades begin?
Byzantine was attacked by Muslims and the Pope wanted to free the Holy Land of Muslims
Why did the Hundred Years' war begin?
Edward III declared himself king of France and invaded
Who was William the Conqueror?
Duke or Normandy
Rightful heir to England's throne
Led the Battle of Hastings - defeated the army of England and became king
Domesday Book - first census since the fall of Rome
How did scholasticism change the study of theology?
Faith and reason do not have to contradict
Why did the War of Roses occur?
After the Hundred Years' War, kings of England fought over the crown
How did each Crusade end?
1. Established 4 kingdoms controlled by Europe
2. Edessa recaptured by Muslim
3. Muslims regained all the land with Saladin's help
4. Crusader army conquered Constantinople and the schism between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic was completed
Differences between Romanesque and Gothic style architecture
Romanesque - rectangular and thick walls, barrel vaulted ceilings
Gothic - thinner walls with exterior flying buttress, large stain glass windows
What reforms were made to the English government during the Middle Ages?
Addition of parliament with encouraged representative government
Common law, circuit judges and court and trial juries
Magna Carta