The Early Middle Ages
The strongest Germanic group in Europe. They settled in France and western Germany.
Who were the Franks?
A group of merchants or craftspeople.
What is a guild?
In 1066 he defeated Harold Godwinson to become the king of England.
Who is William the Conqueror?
Hostility or discrimination toward Jews is called this.
What is anti-Semitism?
The name of the terrible plague that struck Europe in the 1300s.
What was the Black Death or the bubonic plague?
This leader of the Franks nearly doubled the size of his kingdom and established a school for children and government officials.
Who was Charlemagne?
The name of the code that knights followed, and one thing in that code.
What was chivalry and bravery, loyalty, respect, honor the church, and helping people?
The unusual thing that the Magna Carta did to King John.
What is weaken his powers?
The primary language of the educated in Europe.
What is Latin?
Two main animals that spread the plague.
What were fleas and rats?
Two major ways that monks influenced Christianity in Europe.
What were spreading Christianity as missionaries, copying Christian writings and other works, teaching skills like carpentry and weaving, developing improvements in farming, and making illuminations?
The two groups of peasants in the feudalistic system.
Who were freemen and serfs?
The reason for starting the Crusades.
Pope Urban II wanted to unify the church; others wanted to reclaim holy sites from Muslims.
Scholasticism believed that these two ideas could co-exist.
What are faith and reason?
This event, featuring three popes at a time, deeply divided the church from 1378 to 1417.
What was the Great Schism?
Aside from Charlemagne, two major kings/mayors who led the Franks.
Who were Clovis, Charles Martel, and Pepin the Short?
Two specific reasons why medieval cities and towns were unhealthy places.
What were houses jammed close together, wood and coal fires polluting the air and open sewers?
The three estates of the Estates-General.
The two main styles of architecture in Europe from the 1000s to the 1150s.
What were Romanesque and Gothic?
Two countries that fought for territory in the Hundred Years' War.
What were England and France?
Three of Europe's geographical features shaped life there in these ways.
Mountains: protection and development of culture
Peninsulas: access to oceans and protection
Rivers: trade
Identify three improvements in farming.
What were heavy-wheeled plow with iron blade, the horse collar, water mills, windmills, and crop rotation?
Three major effects of the Crusades.
What were more knowledge about art, architecture, navigating, more trade developing, feudalism weakening, and bitter feelings between Muslims and Christians?
Two well-known orders of friars founded in the 1200s.
What were the Dominicans and Franciscans?
Other than death, two major effects of the plague discussed in the book.
What were increased discrimination and expulsion of Jews, declining trade, lower food prices, more rights for serfs, and the weakening of feudalism?