Vocabulary
What was the name of a self-contained community located on the land belonging to a lord?
What is the term to describe an armed warrior who fought on horseback and served a lord?
A knight
Which two authority figures argued that they had ultimate power during the Middle Ages?
The Pope and the King
Which institution/group was said to control people's lives from "the cradle to the grave"?
The church
Even though European kingdoms developed separately, one thing that helped them be united was a common belief in...
Christianity
What is a guild?
A group of people with a similar trade or job
Which group made up the largest class of people under feudalism?
Serfs and peasants
Which group attacked from Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark)?
Vikings
Who won the Crusades?
The Muslims
Which event occurred that led up to the beginning of the Middle Ages?
The Fall of Rome
The behavior and actions a knight was expected to follow was referred to as...
chivalry
List the levels of the feudal pyramid, starting with the top and working to the bottom.
1. Monarchs (Kings and Queens)
2. Lords and Church Officials
3. Vassals/Knights
4. Serfs/Peasants
Which two nations fought in the Hundred Years' War?
England and France
During the Crusades, Christians and Muslims fought one another to gain control over which city?
Jerusalem
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
It was a document that limited the amount of power a king could have
Give two examples of members of the clergy...
popes, bishops, priests, nuns and monks
What was the function of feudalism? What benefit or purpose did it serve?
It offered protection and stability for people (especially early on when territories were under attack from outsiders).
The Bubonic Plague started with the Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) bacterium. What was the order of which organisms it spread to next as it infected humans?
Bacteria -> Black Rats -> Fleas -> Humans
What was one long-lasting impact of the Crusades?
More trade routes opened up, more people became merchants, ideas exchanged between Europe and the Middle East, anti-semitism and religious discrimination increased
Which cities were hit hardest during the Bubonic Plague?
Port cities and cities along trade routes
What is the term for land granted from king to a lord, or a lord to a vassal?
fief
What was one event that led to the end of the feudalism? Explain, in detail, how it contributed to it.
Trade routes expanded (more people became merchants), new military inventions were made (knights were no longer needed), the Bubonic Plague (people left the manor to work in cities), guilds formed (working conditions improved), the Magna Carta was signed (people no longer felt they HAD to be loyal to their lords/kings), and universities opened up (people valued education and looked for a better life)
How did the Great Famine make the Bubonic Plague more devastating to the Europeans?
People were weakened from the famine which made it harder for them to fight off and survive the Plague.
List two services that monasteries offered to the community...
medical care, feeding the poor, safe place to stay, and source of education
After the Middle Ages ended in Europe, a new time period of intellectual advancements began. This new time period that followed the Late Middle Ages is known as the...
Renaissance