Feudalism
In feudal society, nobles established estates called
Manors
What new economic class grew as a result of the Crusades and growth of towns?
Middle class
The Reconquista liberated the Iberian Peninsula from...
Muslims
Rounded vaults and thick walls is which type of architecture?
Romanesque
Founded the Norman dynasty after invading England in 1066
William the Conqueror
How the Hundred years' War impacted the English and the French
-new weapons and battlefield tactics developed
-Loss of life and destruction of property lads to suffering
-permanently separates England from France and develops both countries as nation-states
A document freeing townspeople from feudal duties and allows establishment of towns
Charter
The Hundred Years' War permanently separated England from
France
European kingdom who elected their kings
Germany
Pope Urban called for a _____ to liberate the Holy Land
Crusade
Causes and consequences of the Great Famine of 1315
-heavy rain and cool front leads to rotting crops
-food and salt become scarce
-leads to mass starvation and illness, loss of livestock, lack of seed for planting
What trained people for professional occupations?
Guilds
Which animals were responsible for the spread of the Black Death?
Fleas (on rats)
1215 document that is considered the foundation for individual rights
Magna Carta
English king who strengthened royal authority through circuit courts and other legal means
Henry II
towns/cities
What institutions/centers of learning increased literacy and spread knowledge across Europe?
Universities
Group blamed for spreading the Black Death
Jews
Code of conduct for knights
Chivalry
Group that experienced many deaths as a result of the Crusades
Warriors and civilians
Events contributing to the rise in Feudalism
-Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
-People moving to the country for safety
-Fear of invading barbarians and need to safety/protection
-No central power
Disaster that caused widespread failure of crops in 1315
Great Famine of 1315
-The Church couldn't stop the plague
-Many priests died and were replaced with bad or untrained members
-People died without confessing sin because plague was so contagious and they feared not going to heaven
Word that means "commonly spoken language"
Peasant girl who the French looked to for leadership during the Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc