feudalism
a man who served a lord by leading/preparing a military to protect the lord, king and peasants
vassal
To avoid death at the hands of his barrons, King James signed this important document in 1215
Magna Carta
The crusades were a holy war that fought between these 2 groups.
Christians and Muslims
He was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III.
Charlemagne
a grant of land made to a vassal and farmed by peasants
No one died but the power struggle between the church and emperors became pretty intense during this.
Motivation to participate in the Crusades was offered by the Pope who promised crusaders would receive this reward for their military service.
forgiveness of their sins
While considered by most historians to be a great leader, Charlemagne did not learn to do this until he was an adult.
read
a member of a heavily armed cavalry who was prepared to protect all who live in the manor
knight
After his death, Charlemagne's grandsons divided his land 3 ways in this agreement.
Treaty of Verdun
Out ranking the U. S. Civil war for death toll, the Crusades lasted for 200 years and _________________ people died as a result.
1 million
Because of the warm springs and central location Charlemagne chose this as his capital city
Achen
a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold
chivalry
The Black Death took it's toll on Medieval Europe. Explain one result of the Black Death.
Trade declined
fewer workers caused a rise in labor costs
many peasants were set free because there were fewer and they had more bargaining power.
This holy city was an important battle ground during the Crusades.
Jerusalem
Charlemagne chopped this sacred object down when he found it during his invasion of the Saxons.
The world tree or Irminsul
The carruca and 3 crop rotation allowed time for innovation because it lead to this.
agricultural surplus (more food)
Fewer deaths occurred in population of traveling merchants along the North and Baltic Seas because of this.
The Hanseatic League
How did the crusades impact the feudal system in western Europe?
so many left to serve that strong kings combined manors and developed the nation states of Spain, France and England.
Charlemagne's grandfather
Charles the Hammer