Causes of the Crusades
A series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land.
The Crusades
This crusade resulted in Christians capturing Jerusalem in 1099.
1st Crusade
This increased as Crusaders returned with spices, silk, and perfumes.
Trade
This deadly epidemic struck Europe between 1347 and 1351.
The Black Death
About this fraction of Europe’s population died from the plague.
One-third
This city was considered sacred and became the main target of the Crusades.
Jerusalem
This crusade failed after a disastrous siege at Damascus in 1148.
2nd Crusade
This economic system weakened as towns grew outside manor control.
Feudalism
How was the bubonic plague mostly spread?
Fleas on rats
This happened to wages when workers became scarce.
Increased
This pope called for the First Crusade in 1095 at the Council of Clermont.
Pope Urban II
This Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187.
Saladin
Which religion was targeted by Christians on their way to the Crusades?
Jews
What part of the body do the symptoms first appear from the Black Death?
Armpits, groin
This group blamed themselves and whipped their bodies to show repentance.
Flagellants
This Byzantine emperor asked Western Europe for help against the Seljuk Turks.
Alexius I
This English king led Christian forces during the Third Crusade.
Richard I (the Lionheart)
These rulers gained power as towns came under their control instead of lords.
Monarchs
These conditions helped the plague spread rapidly in medieval cities.
Poor sanitation, crowded living conditions
This group was falsely accused of poisoning wells during the plague.
Jewish people
What was a reason Europeans joined the Crusades: forgiveness of sins, wealth, land, or adventure.
Forgiveness of sins, wealth and land, adventure.
This agreement ended the Third Crusade and allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem.
Treaty of Jaffa
Which explorer is known for his visits to China and India
Marco Polo
This country was the first in Europe to be affected by the plague.
Sicily / Italy
Landowners switched from crops to this type of farming because it required fewer workers.
Sheep farming