Feudal Life
What was the name of the land given to a vassal by a lord?
A fief
Who called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
What century did the Bubonic Plague reach Europe?
1300s (14th century)
What was the most powerful religious institution in medieval Europe?
The Catholic Church
What city did the Ottomans conquer in 1453?
Constantinople
What was the code of conduct followed by knights?
Chivalry
What city were Crusaders trying to capture?
Jerusalem
What insect helped spread the plague?
Fleas on rats
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
Thomas Aquinas was a scholar who blended classical philosophy with Christian faith.
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
What was the difference between a manor and a castle?
A manor was farmland with villages; a castle was a fortified home of a noble.
Name one positive and one negative result of the Crusades for Europe.
Positive: increased trade. Negative: religious intolerance/violence.
What happened to Europe’s population due to the plague?
It drastically declined (millions died)
What did Francis of Assisi do?
He founded a religious order focused on poverty and helping the poor.
What religion did the Ottomans mostly practice?
Islam
What group made up the largest part of medieval society?
Peasants/serfs
What empire did the last Crusade attack?
Byzantine Empire
How did the plague affect peasants and workers?
Labor shortages gave them more power and better wages.
What was the hierarchy of the Church? Name three levels.
Pope, bishops, priests (others include archbishops and cardinals)
What were Janissaries?
Elite Ottoman soldiers taken as Christian boys and trained to serve the Sultan
Name 2 similarities between knights and samurai.
Both followed codes of conduct and served lords/nobles. Both were trained warriors.
What motivated many Crusaders to fight?
Religious faith, wealth, land, or forgiveness of sins
How did the plague affect the Church?
Many lost faith when prayers didn't stop the plague.
What conflict did Pope Gregory VII have with Henry IV?
A dispute over who could appoint Church officials (Investiture Controversy)
Who was Suleyman the Magnificent?
An Ottoman ruler who expanded the empire and created fair legal codes