Religious Reforms
What is the Dominican order?
Where Charles Martel stopped the Muslims advance into Europe
What is the Battle of Tours?
Area that gained a monopoly on Mediterranean trade
What is Italy?
term for the common spoken language
What is the vernacular?
motivated the French to fight in the Hundred Years' War
Who is Joan of Arc?
buying and selling religious or blessed articles or goods, extending into the sale of church offices
What is simony?
In 1066 William defeated Harold in this battle to become the king of England
What is the Battle of Hastings?
grew in importance because of their ability to judge the approximate value of coins
Who are moneychangers?
form of the first vernacular literature
What is heroic epics?
won the Hundred Years' War
Who is the French?
attempted to end the practice of buying and selling church offices
What is the Concordat of Worms?
Last significant Battle of the Wars of the Roses that brought Henry Tudor to the throne
What is the Battle of Bosworth Field?
highest members of a craft guild
What are masters?
wandering musicians who traveled from castle to castle singing songs of love and adventure
What are troubadours?
Danish ruler who conquered England
Who is Canute?
holding of beliefs contrary to the teaching of the church
What is heresy?
Where King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta
What is Runnymede?
German league that sought to control and organize trade in the Baltic region
What is the Hanseatic League?
Wrote about pilgrims traveling to Becket's shrine; gave a good picture of medieval English life
Who is Geoffrey Chaucer?
weapon that greatly aided the English during the Hundred Years' War
What is the longbow?
intellectual movement characterized by the renewed interest in theology and philosophy
What is Scholasticism?
defeated in battles by Richard but successful in holding Jerusalem
Who is Saladin?
practice of charging interest for the use of lent money
Wrote about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise
Who is Dante?
Pope who lost the on going battle for supremacy against Philip IV
Who is Boniface VIII?