Religion
A person who attempts to convert others to a new religion.
What is a missionary?
This Duke of Normandy proved his claim to the throne of England when he defeated his rival, Harold Godwinson, at the battle of Hastings.
Who is William the Conqueror?
These Germanic peoples took to their longboats and raided the coasts of Europe, especially small villages and undefended monasteries.
Who were the Vikings?
As a result of the plague, manors lost much of their workforce. Peasants and Serfs soon found that they could demand this from their masters.
What are wages/ what is to be paid?
A piece of land granted to a vassal by his lord. It often came with peasants to work it.
What is a fief/manor?
This branch of Christianity was the most common religion in Western Europe.
What is Catholicism?
This leader, the first King of the Franks, wanted to unite and strengthen Europe by spreading Christianity.
Who is Charlemagne?
This institution, created by the Catholic Church, was tasked with wiping out heresy. Their methods were infamously brutal, including torture and imprisonment.
What is the Inquisition?
This treaty attempted to create a compromise between the Church and the Holy Roman Empire in the conflict over who could appoint Bishops.
What is the Concordat of Worms?
These types of settlements were attractive to peasants and serfs because they were outside the control of manor lords.
What are towns?
Many noblemen and free peasants chose to join one of these wars to obtain honors, treasure, and forgiveness of sins. And to reclaim the Holy Land too.
What are the Crusades?
To save her kingdom, and to follow the instructions of an angel, this teenage girl dressed as a knight and led the French army to many victories.
Who is Joan of Arc?
The Three Calamities that ended the Middle Ages in Europe included a famine, a war, and this plague.
What is the Bubonic Plague/Black Death?
Scholars from all over Europe would travel to cities like Cordoba, Paris, and London to study at one of these. Here they would learn Latin, Greek, and the Seven Liberal Arts.
What are Universities?
This city, sacred to three world religions, was captured by the crusaders in 1099.
What is Jerusalem?
unrepentant sinners in the middle ages faced this punishment from the Catholic Church, which left the fate of their souls in jeopardy.
what is excommunication?
DAILY DOUBLE:
Unlike their less diverse neighbors in Europe and in Arabia, this Medieval Kingdom was surprisingly religiously tolerant.
What is Muslim Spain / Al-Andalus?
This event marks the end of the Ancient Era and the beginning of the Early Middle Ages.
What is the Fall of Rome?
This document, reluctantly signed by the English King John, placed limits on royal power. It eventually inspired parts of the United States Constitution.
What is the Magna Carta?
Thanks to the trade routes they had established during the Crusades, cities and towns in this kingdom were the first to be infected with the Plague.
What is Italy?
He stood against King Henry II's plans to expand his royal power. As a result, he was murdered in the cathedral.
Who was Thomas Becket?
Otto I became the first Holy Roman Emperor, much to the annoyance of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known by this name.
What is the Byzantine Empire?
Throughout the middle ages, persecution of these groups was consistent and intense. After calamities like the Crusades or the Plague, it got even worse.
Who are Heretics, Muslims, and Jews? / Who are Non-Christians?
This language is a combination of Anglo-Saxon, Norman French, and Latin. Its modern form first appeared in the Late Middle Ages.
What is English?
This city, founded by the Capetian dynasty, soon became the most powerful city in Western Europe.
What is Paris?