All roads don't lead to Rome
Name 3 languages that are closely related to Latin
Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian
The lowest social class in feudalism. A peasant who was not allowed to leave the lord's manor
serf
He is at the top of the power structure in the Catholic Church
the Pope
These organizations supported their members as well as protected the public from dishonest workers
guilds
This legal system was the building blocks for later legal systems in the western world
Justinian's Code
This emperor created the calendar we use today
Julius Caesar
How did the Bubonic Plague lead to the decline of feudalism?
A shortage of workers allowed the lower classes to demand more money for their labor, taking power from nobles and merchants
The purpose of the Crusades
To take the Holy Land back from the Muslim Turks
How was life made harder for Jewish people in medieval Europe?
They were blamed for illnesses, their property could be taken without cause, they were persecuted and ridiculed for working as bankers and money lenders
What geographic feature made Constantinople a wise choice for defending from invaders?
It is a peninsula (surrounded by water on 3 sides)
Why was loyalty an issue in the Roman army?
Many soldiers were taken from conquered empires
Land that was promised to a feudal lord in exchange for loyalty and knights
fief
Why was excommunication so bad?
You couldn't attend church, get into Heaven, talk to God, etc.
This was a common medical technique in the middle ages, believed to restore balance to the body and spirit
bloodletting
He is "first among equals"
the patriarch of Constantinople
Name 2 causes for the collapse of the Roman Empire
political instability, economic problems, social problems, and weakening frontiers
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
Name a positive result of the Crusades
Soldiers bringing back apricots, mirrors, spices, and other foreign goods led to an increase in trade. Spread of mathematical, scientific, artistic, and medical knowledge. Development of a money economy
Where do we get the term "masterpiece"?
An apprentice had to create a piece to show he had mastered the trade in order to be accepted into a guild
What is one thing that makes Orthodox priests different than Roman Catholic priests
They can marry
This painting technique was popularized by the Romans and rediscovered in the Renaissance
Frescoes
How did the pope and Charlemagne both benefit from their partnership?
Name 4 of the 7 sacraments
Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Matrimony, and Holy Orders
Why were trial by combat and trial by ordeal viewed as acceptable methods to determine guilt or innocence?
People believed that God would save the innocent
What event caused the final break between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The excommunication of Cerularius, the patriarch of Constantinople