Medieval Warfare
Name two different weapons used in the Middle Ages
mace, longbow, crossbow, battle axe, halberd, pike, sword
Who defeated the Byzantines at the battle of Manzikert and also conquered Jerusalem in 1071?
Seljuk Turks
Who was the first leader of the Mongols?
Genghis Khan
What is a siege?
a military operation where people surround a castle or town with an army
What did Pope Urban II promise to anyone who joined the crusade to retake Jerusalem?
freedom from debts and taxes, and forgiveness of all their sins
Name a region conquered by the Mongols
Central Asia, Eastern Europe, China
Name a type of catapult
Ballista, Onager, Trebuchet
What happened to the peasants' crusade?
They were massacred by the Turks
Give a reason why the Mongols were so successful at warfare
speed, tactics, carefully planned attacks, mastery of siege warfare, rapid communications, better equipment, use of gunpowder
What device made from a tree trunk was used to batter down the gates of castles or towns?
a battering ram
Which Muslim leader retook Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
What great trade route ran through the whole Mongol Empire from China to the Middle East and Europe?
The Silk Road
Name two different kinds of missiles a catapult might fire
rocks, burning tar, dead bodies, arrows, darts
Who looted and burned Constantinople in 1202, greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire?
The Venetian soldiers and crusaders of the Fourth Crusade
What was the Mongol rulers' attitude to religion in their empire?
They were tolerant of all religions