People and Events
Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800 C.E.
Who is Charlemagne.
All the land in a kingdom belonged to this man.
Who is the King.
Pope that called for the first crusade in 1095
Who is Pope Urban II.
Duke William of Normandy earned this famous nickname after invading England and winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066
What is William the Conqueror.
The Black Death was caused by Yersinia Pestis, a bacterium carried by fleas that lived on these common urban city dwellers.
What is the black rat.
Most powerful institution during the Medieval Period
What is the Catholic Church.
Bound to the land they worked, these peasant agricultural laborers could not leave the lord's estate without permission.
What are serfs.
Crusading forces sought to capture and maintain Christian control over this holy city, sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
What is Jerusalem.
Completed in 1492, this centuries-long process saw Christian kingdoms push Muslim rule out of the Iberian Peninsula.
What is the Reconquista.
The most common form of the plague was named for these particularly swollen lymph nodes that appeared in the armpits and groin of victims.
What are buboes (hence the name Bubonic Plague).
Barbarian tribe that Charlemagne and his ancestors ruled over. Spanned most of Western Europe at one point.
What are the Franks.
This term refers to to the actual land granted by a lord to a noble in exchange for military service and allegiance.
What is a fief.
Instead of reaching the Holy Land, crusaders of the Fourth Crusade infamously sacked this major Christian capital of the Byzantine Empire in 1204.
What is Constantinople.
The importance of the Magna Carta signed by King John in 1215
What is it limited the power of the king.
Which member of Medieval society is most responsible for the spread of the plague
What are trade merchants.
Name of the self-sufficient agricultural estates where both lords and serfs lived.
What is a manor.
This Muslim sultan of Egypt and Syria famously recaptured Jerusalem in 1187 and defeated Richard the Lionheart in the 3rd Crusade. Allowed Christian and Jewish pilgrims to visit the holy city.
Who is Saladin.
Barbarian tribes that settled in England after the fall of the Roman Empire.
What are the Angles & the Saxons.
Percentage or fraction of Europe's population that was killed by the plague.
What is about 30%-40% or 1/3 of the population.
Give 3 examples of the Church's influence on Europe during the Middle Ages
What is monks and nuns taught at monasteries, the Pope and other church leaders influenced politics, faith was at the center of people's lives and dictated their decisions (Crusades, reaction to the plague, etc)
Explain the the relationship between kings, lords, and serfs in a feudal society.
What is the king grants land and titles to local lords in exchange for military service and loyalty; the lord provides land and protection to serfs, who in return provided the lord with free labor.
The only successful Crusade for the Christian Europeans
What is the 1st Crusade.
Russian monarch that defeated the Mongols and modernized Russia.
Who is Ivan the Great.
What is the end of feudal society, better built cities, better wages for the working class, end Dark Ages and gives rise to the Renaissance.