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Its name means “in the middle of the earth,” fitting for the sea that touched Greece, Rome, and Egypt.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
He was the first Frankish king to embrace Christianity — and he made sure his whole kingdom did, too.
Who is Clovis the Great?
We're not in Minnesota anymore! These Norse raiders struck terror across Europe, sailing rivers and seas from Ireland to Russia.
Who are the Vikings?
Founded in 962, this empire tried to revive the spirit of ancient Rome in medieval Europe.
What was the Holy Roman Empire?
In the early Church, these men withdrew from society to live lives of prayer, fasting, and devotion, often in remote deserts or monasteries.
Who are Monks?
At just 21 miles wide at its narrowest point, this body of water separates England from France.
What is the English Channel?
By protecting the pope from the Lombards and donating land to him, this king earned the church’s blessing — and created the Papal States.
Who is Pepin the Short?
Crossing from North Africa into Spain, these Muslim invaders pressed into Europe until they were stopped in France.
Who are the Moors?
Crowned emperor in 962 after defeating the Magyars, this Saxon duke became known as “the Great.”
Who is Otto?
The female counterpart to a monastery, this type of community provided nuns a place to dedicate their lives to God.
What is a Convent?
Cartographers may trick you — this sea bordering Turkey and Ukraine looks like a big lake on the map, but it isn’t.
What is the Black Sea?
Called “the Hammer,” he swung hard at the Battle of Tours in 732, stopping Muslim expansion into Europe.
Who is Charles Martel?
These nomadic horsemen from the east raided deep into Central Europe before being defeated by Otto the Great.
Who are the Magyars?
The eastern Frankish kingdoms eventually organized into the Holy Roman Empire — and are seen as the ancestor state of this modern nation.
What is Germany?
Born in Britain, kidnapped by pirates, and later returning as a missionary, this saint is credited with converting much of Ireland to Christianity.
Who is Saint Patrick?
At over 2,200 miles long, this Russian river is Europe’s champion in length.
What is the Volga?
On Christmas Day in the year 800, the pope placed a crown on this king’s head, making him emperor.
Who is Charlemagne?
In 732, Charles “the Hammer” Martel stopped the Moors at this decisive battle in France.
What is the Battle of Tours?
In 955, Otto the Great’s forces crushed the Magyars at this decisive battle, ending their raids into Europe.
What is the Battle of Lechfeld?
These Western Roman Catholic rules for monks and nuns stressed giving up material goods and spreading Christianity through missionary work, becoming the backbone of medieval monastic life.
These mountains form a natural border between Spain and the rest of Europe.
What are the Pyrenees Mountains?
Charlemagne’s reign sparked this revival of learning and culture, named for his dynasty.
What is the Carolingian Renaissance?
The Vikings used these sleek ships, powered by sail or oar, to raid, trade, and explore.
What are longships?
In 962, Otto received his imperial crown from this religious figure in Rome.
Who is the Pope?
This missionary, sent by Pope Gregory, became the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converted the king of Kent.
Who is Saint Augustine?