Feudalism & Manorialism
What was the name of the land grant given to a vassal by a lord?
fief
Which city was the primary "Holy Land" objective for both Christians and Muslims?
Jerusalem.
Who was the first leader to unite the Mongol tribes under one empire?
Genghis Khan
What was the primary way the Plague traveled from Central Asia to Europe?
Trade routes
Which 5,000-mile trade route connected China to the Mediterranean?
Silk Road.
Name the code of conduct that medieval knights were expected to follow.
Chivalry
In 1095, which Pope Urban II gave the speech that sparked encouraged christians to...
reclaim the holy land
During the "Pax Mongolica," what became safer and easier across Eurasia?
Trade (or the Silk Road).
Which animal lived on rats and transmitted the bacteria to humans?
Fleas
Beyond moving goods, how did the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade networks lead to "Cultural Diffusion" regarding religion?
They allowed for the spread of Buddhism and Islam to new regions like Southeast Asia and China.
How did the system of Manorialism differ from Feudalism in its primary purpose?
Feudalism was a political/military system of loyalty, while Manorialism was the economic system focused on self-sufficiency.
Explain one way the Crusades changed the European economy
It increased demand for Eastern goods (like spices and silk), leading to the growth of Italian trade cities.
Contrast the Mongol treatment of conquered people with their reputation for violence.
They were brutal in war but tolerant in peace, allowing people to keep their religions and customs if they paid tribute.
How did the Plague contribute to the end of the Feudal system in Europe?
Because so many workers died, those left alive could demand higher wages, breaking the power of the lords.
Why did the city of Constantinople become the world's most important trade hub?
Its geographic location (a bridge between Europe and Asia) allowed it to control all trade passing through the region.
Describe the "Mutual Obligation" between a Lord and a Serf.
The Lord provided protection and land; the Serf provided labor and a portion of their crops.
Why are the Crusades often called "History's most successful failure"?
They failed their military goal (capturing Jerusalem), but succeeded in bringing back new ideas/technology (medicine, math, sails) to Europe
How did the Mongols' use of the stirrup and bow provide a military advantage?
It allowed them to shoot arrows accurately while riding at high speeds, making them a highly mobile force
Explain the role of the Silk Road in the spread of the "Black Death."
The Mongols reopened trade routes, which allowed the bacteria to travel quickly from Central Asia to Europe.
By documenting his travels, he spread Islamic culture and linked Africa, the Middle East, and Asia through interdependence. Name the idea behind this spread.
Cultural Diffusion
Analyze how the lack of a strong central government led to the rise of this system.
Without a strong king (a decentralized government), local people looked to lords for safety, creating a rigid social hierarchy.
What are some long-term impact of the Crusades on the relationship between East and West.
It led to a permanent increase in religious tension between the West and the Middle East, but also ended European isolation.
To what extent did the Mongol Empire facilitate the rise of the modern world?
By creating a massive unified trade zone, they connected the East and West more efficiently than ever before.
How did the plague decrease the power of the Church?
Since the Church couldn’t stop the disease, many people began to question the Church’s authority and power.
Prove how the "Commercial Revolution" shifted power from the manor to the city.
Trade created wealth that led to the rise of a middle class (merchants) and the growth of urban centers (cities).