People
This man invaded England from Normandy in 1066.
Who is William the Conqueror?
There was major strife between these 2 powerhouse institutions.
What is church and state?
These documents were made in monasteries and later in universities.
What are illuminated manuscripts?
These 2 nations remained divided ---they would not be a single unified state until the 1860s.
What are Italy and Germany?
THIS social class would be reading more vernacular (Common tongue) literature rather than the elite educated Latin writings. Some examples of these vernacular stories include Dante's Divine Comedy in Italian, the Canterbury Tales in English, and the Song of Roland written in French.
What is the middle class?
This man, whose name means, Charles the Great established the Holy Roman Empire in the year 800.
Who is Charlemagne?
Peaking from 1347-52, The Bubonic Plague killed about THIS FRACTION of Europe.
What is 1/3 to 1/2?
This document was signed in 1215 by King John of England and limited royal power.
What is the Magna Carta?
Many wanted to move to THESE because one could be free from feudal obligations.
What are towns?
These organizations began to spring up in towns and provided privileges, training, trade agreements, and sometimes even their own militaries!
What are guilds?
This girl led France to victory in the 100 Years War.
Who is Joan of Arc?
France vs England fought in this war for longer than it sounds.
This was a code of honor among knights.
What is chivalry?
This is the year that Eastern Rome/Byzantium with its capital at Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks.
What is 1453?
Vassals gave ____________ while lords gave ______________ in feudalism.
What is service & protection?
These seafaring Northmen invaded many coastal areas from 750 to 1000.
Who are the Vikings? (largely Norwegian)
This was the main goal of the Crusades.
The House of Commons and Lords made up this new institution in England. It held the power of the purse and advocated for due process & equality before the law (moreso than before).
What is Parliament?
These were the 2 key centers to revive trade after the Fall of Rome----they were both crossroads for their regions.
What are Flanders/Netherlands & Italy?
This is the system of government in the middle ages before nation states developed in which people owed loyalty and service to the local lord in exchange for protection.
What is feudalism?
This man fought off the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732 for the Franks.
Who is Charles Martel (the Hammer)?
This event saw Europe divided between a French and Italian pope from 1378 to 1417 (about 70 years which is why this was called the Babylonian Captivity of the Church---echoing Daniel when Israel was taken captive by Babylon for 70 years).
What is the Papal Schism?
During the 100 Years War, England broke out into THIS Civil War, and THIS family took over.
What is the War of the Roses, and the Tudor family line (Henry VII)?
The Reconquista in Spain sought to retake this last southern region back from the Moors. (African Muslims)
What is Granada?
The Middle Ages span from between the fall of __________ and the rebirth of Greco-Roman culture with the Italian __________________.
What is Rome & the Renaissance?