FIRST ROUND
What was Al-Andalus?
It is the definition of Spain when it was conquered by the Islamic armies. So it is a territory controlled by the Islam forces coming from the Empire based in Damascus.
In some point, the Caliphate was proclaimed...why, when and who did it?
929: Abderraman III (grandson of Abderraman I) because of the difficulties lived in his time proclaimed himself Caliph.
TRUE OR FALSE:
The economy in Al-Andalus was based on Agriculture, livestock farming, trading and the construction sector.
FALSE.
Construction sector? This is not Spain in the XXI century!!!!
Can you say the date of the First Taifa kingdom?
(1031-1085)
How was called the last muslim kingdom in the peninsula?
Can you name the dates?
The Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1238-1492)
Achila, the sons of Witiza and the Count Julián meant to dethrone Rodrigo. They demanded help from the Muslims.
What a Caliph is? Is there any difference with being an Emir?
Being a Caliph means to have more power than an Emir = you have the political and the RELIGIOUS power.
What were the differences between Arabs and Berbers?
What were the differences between Muladies and Mozarabs?
They shared the same religion but the origins were different.
Muladi: Some converted because they paid less taxes.
Mozarabs: Christians that kept their religion.
What a Taifa is?
What happened in this time with the relationship between the muslims and Christians?
A Taifa is a small independent Muslim kingdom or emirate.
•Taifas were weak and this was exploited by the Christians. At first, Christians received tributes from the taifas: parias. Later, Christians attacked territories culminating with the conquest of Toledo in 1085 (Alfonso VI).
Who was the last Muslim king of Al-Andalus?
and
Who was the kings who defeated them and when?
Boabdil → last Muslim king of Al-Andalus.
1492: the Catholic Monarchs (Isabel and Fernando) conquered Granada.
Year of the THE BATTLE OF GUADALETE + the final date of the entire conquest of the Peninsula + the first battle won by the Christians in the peninsula + the first battle won by the Christians in France
711 - 714 - 722 - 732
TRUE OF FALSE:
When Al-Mansur died, a period of crisis started and in 1031 many governors of the provinces declared their independence.
The caliphate disintegrated into 29 independent kingdoms called Taifas.The Reconquista waited a few years to be reactivated fiercely because of the lack of Islamic power.
FALSE.
When Al-Mansur died (1002) a period of crisis started and in 1031 many governors of the provinces declared their independence.
The caliphate disintegrated into 28 independent kingdoms called Taifas.The Reconquista was reactivated fiercely because of the lack of Islamic power.
TRUE OR FALSE.
• The High Middle Ages, a period of growth during 11th and 13th centuries, led to the rebirth of cities. Cities became important centres of artisan activity and trade. Palaces, cathedrals and markets were built and a new social class, the bourgeoisie, appeared. This is the age of charters, trade fairs and Gothic cathedrals.
• This development ended in the Late Middle Ages with a series of political and social tensions in the 14th century, notably the Black Death, followed by the recovery of the 15th century that moved Europe towards the Modern Age.
TRUE!!!!
What happened after the First Taifa and when and why?
After the fall of Toledo, the taifa kings were scared and called the Almoravids who were nomadic Berbers in the north of Africa.
Almoravids (1085-1144)
They Taifa Kings needed military help because they were powerless.
How many Cristian kingdoms lasted in the XV century? Name them.
Portugal, Castilla, Navarra y Aragón
Who crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and Why for?
Who was the commandant of the army?
Who was the governor in North Africa?
The conquest was easy? Tell me the main reasons
The muslims - to expand the empire and the idea of the global conquest under the Islam
Tarik
Muza
Yes,
superior military power.
Visigoths’ internal conflicts.
The support from some groups that agreed to surrender in exchange to keep their properties.
Define:
•Emir
•Caliph
•Hajib
•Diwans
•Koras
•Wali
•Kadi
Emir: political power, military and administrative control.
Caliph: same powers as the emir plus religious power.
Members of the goverment:
Hajib (prime minister)
Diwans (ministers).
The territory was divided into koras (like comunidades):
Wali: political administrator. He ruled the territory.
Kadi: judges.
Who became the first independent Castilian count and, more or less, when?
Fernán González became the first independent Castilian count (c. 950).
TRUE OR FALSE
§1212: they came to the peninsula and defeated Alfonso VI (who gained Toledo) in the battle of Sagrajas.
FALSE
1086: they came to the peninsula and defeated Alfonso VI (who gained Toledo) in the battle of Sagrajas.
TRUE OR FALSE
Castilla: federal monarchy:
- territory was a single entity
- all power was centralised in the king
Crown of Aragon: unitarian monarchy:
- territory was composed of several states (Aragon, Catalonia, Mallorca and Valencia).
- all with their own institutions, laws and traditions.
- The king had less power = importance of the nobility
FALSE
ØCastilla: unitarian monarchy:
- territory was a single entity
- all power was centralised in the king
Who formed this emirate?
What does it mean that it was dependent?
Did it happen with no fight?
Say the date of this Emirate.
756: Abderraman I, an Umayyad prince, arrived to Al-Andalus escaping from the Abbasids that have killed his family. He travelled trough the North African coast.
It was politically independent but he recognized the religious authority of the caliphs in Baghdad.
When he reached the Peninsula he convinced the people to proclaim him an independent Emir. He fought and win. And then no opposition was made.
Independent emirate (756-929).
PAINT the social PYRAMID in AL-ANDALUS
X
In the year 1035 Sancho III el Mayor died and the kingdom was divided into how many parts and which parts?
1.García (Navarra)
2.Fernando I (Castilla),
3.Ramiro I (Aragón),
4.Gonzalo (Sobrarbe and Ribagorza).
Who defeated Alfonso VIII of Castilla in the battle of Alarcos?
Date of these people coming here and when they went away?
The Almohads (1172-1212)
READ THE TEXT AND RESOLVE:
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and the Western Schism within the Catholic Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Shout and say Alejandro to win this question. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.
WELL DONE. CONGRATS!!