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Oncology Overview
Stress
Leukemias, Lymphomas, & Myeloma
Hematology Overview
Hematology Disorders
100
What are the two things that distinguish normal cells from cancer cells? a. Size and Shape b. Maturity and Morphology c. Amount and morphology d. Morphology and Division rate
b. Maturity and Morphology (Maturity = differentiation; morphology refers to what the cell looks like)
100
Increased stress causes an increased level in _____ which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. a. growth hormone b. insulin c. cortisol d. thyroid hormones
c. cortisol
100
Which of the following leukemias is MOST common in children? a. Chronic Myelogenous (CML) b. Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL) c. Acute Myeologenous (AML) d. Acute Lymphocytic (ALL)
d. Acute Lymphocytic (ALL)
100
A patient in the Emergency Department just got blood drawn for a CBC. His lab results are as follows: RBC 2.8 million/mm3, HGB 14 g/dL, HCT 38%, and platelets 300,000. Which value is out of range? a. RBC b. HGB c. HCT d. Platelet
a. RBC Normal range is 4-6 million/mm3
100
What drug do you give for the treatment of thalassemia and what does it do? a. Ferrous sulfate--replaces the iron b. Desferral--binds with iron to keep it in the body c. No medication is available for thalassemia d. Desferral--binds with iron to get rid of it
d. Desferral--binds with iron to get rid of it
200
A patient presents to the hospital with a tumor that is self-contained, does not involve nodes, and shows no evidence of metastasis. What is the TNM classification for this patient's tumor? a. T0, N0, M0 b. Tis, Nx, Mx c. T1, N0, M1 d. Tis, N0, M0
d. Tis, N0, M0
200
You are a nurse on an oncology unit, caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with severe colorectal cancer. Which coping strategy would be most appropriate for you to encourage this patient's spouse to use? a. Avoidance b. Coping flexibility c. Emotion-focused coping d. Problem-focused coping
c. Emotion-focused coping During a stressful circumstance that is uncontrollable, emotion-focused coping is most effective.
200
Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of which type of cancer? a. Hodgkin's Lymphoma b. CML c. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma d. Prostate cancer
a. Hodgkin's Lymphoma These are the giant, multinucleated cells characteristic of Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
200
All of the following are effective interventions for neutropenic precautions except: a. Encourage the patient to eat fresh fruits and vegetables to improve his nutrition b. Remove all fresh flowers from the room c. Place the patient on strict isolation precautions d. Encourage the patient to use a soft tooth brush
a. Encourage the patient to eat fresh fruits and vegetables to improve his nutrition
200
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with paraesthesia, weakness, headache, and confusion. Which of the following hematologic disorders is most likely causing these symptoms? a. Aplastic anemia b. Cobalamin Deficiency c. Iron-deficiency anemia d. Thallassemia
b. Cobalamin Deficiency
300
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven warning signs of cancer? a. Obvious change in wart or nevi b. Overall malaise and fatigue c. Unusual bleeding or discharge from any orifice d. Change in bowel/bladder habits
b. Overall malaise and fatigue
300
The physiologic effects of chronic stress can lead to all of the following except: a. Hyperlipidemia b. Hypertension c. Hypercalcemia d. Hyperglycemia
c. Hypercalcemia
300
Which of these descriptions is characteristic of cells in acute leukemias? a. gradual onset with bands b. proliferation of immature cells c. mature, slow-growing cells d. giant, multinucleated cells
b. proliferation of immature cells
300
You would expect an increased MCV in all of the following disease processes except: a. Thalassemia b. Alcoholism c. Pernicious anemia d. Folic Acid deficiency
a. Thalassemia MCV= size (Look at the chart in your notes)
300
A patient was recently diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What would you expect his MCV and TIBC levels to look like as a result of the iron deficiency? a. MCV decreased, TIBC increased b. MCV increased, TIBC decreased c. MCV decreased, TIBC decreased d. MCV increased, TIBC increased
a. MCV decreased, TIBC increased
400
A nurse on the oncology unit is caring for a patient with a recent diagnosis of lung cancer, who will require both chemotherapy and surgery. What is the primary goal of the nurse for this patient? a. Assist the patient through the 5 stages of grief, related to his new diagnosis b. Stop promotion c. Monitor vital signs every hour d. Encourage activities that require less energy
b. Stop promotion
400
The patient you are caring for presents with the following symptoms: BP 140/90, HR 150, RR 26, and BG 200. What stage of the stress response is this patient experiencing? a. Alarm b. Resistance c. Adaptation d. Exhaustion
a. Alarm Remember, this is the GAS theory developed by Hans Seyle!
400
A patient with leukemia presents with fever, pale skin, multiple bruises, and a sudden loss of 5 pounds in the past week. Which leukemia does the patient most likely have based on these symptoms? a. Acute Myelogenous (AML) b. Acute Lymphocytic (ALL) c. Chronic Myeologenous (CML) d. Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)
b. Acute Lymphocytic (ALL)
400
A patient with a recent infection is said to have a shift to the left in reference to his stem cells. What does this mean? a. many immature and microcytic cells b. many immature and macrocytic cells c. mature and microcytic cells d. few immature and microcytic cells
b. many immature and macrocytic cells
400
A patient presents to the Emergency Department after a car accident. He has a broken leg with a joint bleed. His medical records say that he has severe Hemophilia type A. What is the priority intervention for this patient? a. give him DDAVP b. give him factor VIII c. give him factor IX d. place an ice pack over the bleed
b. give him factor VIII
500
The process of immunological escape occurs in the promotion stage of cancer development. This process is characterized by: a. the cells mutate and attack the NKC and T cells b. the cancer spreads from one site to another c. the body fails to recognize the cells as abnormal, cancerous cells d. the T cells and natural killer cells attack the abnormal cell
c. the body fails to recognize the cells as abnormal, cancerous cells This allows the cells to escape the immune system, because the body recognizes them as normal. Therefore, the NKC and T cells do not attack it.
500
During the stage of resistance of the GAS theory, the amount of resistance is determined by all of the following except: a. physical state of the person b. number of stressors they have c. coping abilities d. genetics
d. genetics
500
You are caring for a patient on an oncology unit with multiple myeloma. The patient's urinary output was recorded as 800mL over the past 24 hours. Why is this of concern? a. The patient's output is too high because of the strain on the kidneys caused by the hypercalcemia b. The patient's output is not significantly abnormal and is not of concern yet c. The patient's output is too low due to immobility related to the bone cancer d. The patient's output is too low. This is concerning because of the hypercalcemia that can clog the renal tubules.
d. The patient's output is too low. This is concerning because of the hypercalcemia that can clog the renal tubules.
500
A patient is on warfarin for DVT prophylaxis during his hospitalization. What is expected to happen to his PT and INR if the heparin is working therapeutically? a. PT increase, INR decrease b. PT decrease, INR decrease c. PT decrease, INR increase d. PT increase, INR increase
d. PT increase, INR increase
500
The nurse is caring for a patient with sickle-cell anemia. Which of the following discharge instructions are not appropriate for this patient? a. Avoid drinking coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages b. Avoid smoking c. Exercise should include running, weight lifting, crossfit, or some other high-intensity training d. Carry a water bottle with you at all times
c. Exercise should include running, weight lifting, crossfit, or some other high-intensity training