Nephrotic syndrome
What is Nephrotic syndrome?
Not a disease but significant protein loss in urine
1. prerenal failure
2. intra-renal
3. post-renal
4. post-renal example
1. before or outside of the kidneys
2. inside of kidney
3. after the kidney
4. kidney stones
what is chronic kidney disease
progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body is unable to maintain metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte balances.
Hypernatremia causes what?
Edema and hypertension
what is
Acute or chronic bacterial infection of the kidney and lining of kidney pelvis
1. with nephrotic syndrome how much protein is excreted in urine per day
2. how much protein in urine in 24hr?
1. 3.5g or more
2. 0.15g
Oliguria phase
Electrolytes become imbalanced (BUN, Creatinine, Potassium)
• Serum potassium increased
• sodium level decreased
most common factor
diabetes mellitus
Hyponatremia may occur because:
Too much sodium is lost
what is the most common cause of infection?
E. Coli
normal protein amount in urine within 24hr?
0.15g
renal failure treatment
treat or relieve the cause
symptoms
uremic frost (skin crystals)
Hyperkalemia may cause what?
Dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest if potassium is too high
if destruction of nephrons are
Renal failure
1. s/s
2. treatment
3. nursing care
1. Edema
2. decreased sodium intake
3. focuses on edema, daily weights, preventing infection
nursing interventions for renal failure
monitor daily weight
disease s/s
Hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, kayexalaye
Kayexalate may be given
Orally or as retention enema go cause the potassium to be eliminated in the stool
1. s/s
2. treatment
3. nursing care
1. fever, chills, flank pain/tenderness
2. Prevent further damage to kidneys that could lead to kidney failure
3. teach to follow med regimen
Why does edema occur ?
when their levels are low fluid leaks from the blood vessels into tissues resulting in edema
renal failure nursing care
daily weight
Failing kidneys do not produce adequate ______ the hormone that stimulates RBC production, this causes ________
Erythropoietin
Anemia
When dialysis is done the pt should have
Weight loss
After kidney stone (nephrolithaiasis) procedures the patient is usually:
Discharged home after being told to increase fluids and strain all urine