Tuberculosis
What populations are at risk for transmitting TB?
Prisons, dormitories, nursing homes, healthcare workers
What are the 3 primary symptoms of COPD?
chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea (also can have weight loss)
What cancer is primarily caused by cigarette smoking?
lung cancer
Normal fasting glucose levels
What type of hepatitis is the most common blood borne infection?
Hepatitis C
What are the 4 tuberculosis tests and which test can show an active infection?
TB skin test (mantoux), TB blood test (QuantiFeron-TB Gold), Acid Fast bacilli smear and culture (Sputum test), Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
NAAT shows active infection
What are risk factors to COPD?
What is the goal of treatment for laryngeal cancer?
What is the main goal of treatment for diabetes?
What type of hepatitis has risk factors including travelers to endemic areas and pregnant women?
Hepatitis E
What are post procedure warning signs for a thorocentesis?
dyspnea, sharp, one-sided chest pain, absent or decreased breath sounds, tachycardia, cyanosis
Patient teaching for COPD
Nursing interventions for a tracheostomy and laryngectomy
The primary intervention is airway maintenance; monitor for airway obstruction, suction tracheostomy as needed, always have emergency equipment at the bedside, use sterile technique for suctioning and trach care, assess swallowing before giving oral intake
What are the functions of insulin?
transports and metabolizes glucose for energy, stimulates the storage of glucose in the liver and muscles as glycogen, signals the liver to stop releasing glucose, enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue
What are the 6 manifestations of hepatic dysfunction?
What is a primary concern with tuberculosis treatment?
drug resistance
What is the objective for chronic bronchitis treatment?
reducing mucus production and preventing infection --> chronic productive cough, wheezing and crackles, cyanosis, obesity and edema, hypoxia and hypercapnia
What should be assessed when diagnosing laryngeal cancer?
Health history, nutrition, BMI, albumin, glucose, electrolytes --> goal is to identify risk factors, family history, and underlying medical conditions
What type of diabetes is more common in caucasians?
Type 1 diabetes
What is the difference between viral hepatitis and non viral hepatitis?
Besides the lungs, what other parts of the body can be infected with tuberculosis?
meninges, kidneys, bones, and lymphatic system
What are the signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity?
Substernal discomfort, paresthesia, dyspnea, restlessness, fatigue, malaise, progressive respiratory difficulty, refractory hypoxemia, alveolar atelectasis, alveolar infiltration on x-ray
Patient education for a patient undergoing a tracheostomy or laryngectomy
Preoperative teaching, reduce anxiety, maintain patent airway, promote adequate nutrition and hydration, promote positive body image, educate on home care
What are complications of insulin therapy?
local allergic reactions, systemic allergic reactions, insulin lipodystrophy, resistance to injected insulin, morning hyperglycemia
What is the main risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and what is the predominant surgical treatment?
chronic alcohol use; laparoscopic cholecystectomy