Type 1 Diabetes
What is this also known as
"juvenile onset" or "insulin dependent"
Insulin
Hormone released by beta cells in the pancreas
What causes DKA
profound insulin deficiency
What is the type of insulin that you use for drip?
Regular ONLY
What is hypoglycemia?
blood sugar less than 74
Name 3 out of the 4 causes
autoimmune disorder
genetic link
idiopathic diabetes
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Glycogen
stored glucose
Signs & Symptoms
Name 2
Hyperglycemia
Ketosis
Acidosis
What does HHS stand for?
hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome
Cause of Hypoglycemia
name 3
too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
too little food
delaying time of eating
too much exercise
Signs & Symptoms
Name 5
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight Loss
Fatigue
Glucagon
hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas to release stored glucose
What is Ketosis?
moderate to high ketone in urine or serum
sweet, fruity breath odor
What is the cause?
illness/infection
Rule of 15- What do you do?
Name 2 steps
15g of simple carbohydrates
recheck glucose level in 15 mins
repeat is still <70 gm/dl
avoid foods with fat & overtreatment
give complex CHO after recovery
Treatment for Type 1
Insulin Therapy
Lifestyle Modifications (diet, exercise, and self-glucose monitoring)
Glycogenesis
making glycogen in liver
What is hyperglycemia?
Usually high levels, but can start ≥250 mg/dL
What else do you administer with insulin?
Potassium
Dextrose
What are the protocols we follow? for treatment
name 2
Assess LOC & Swallowing
Dextrose: AMP of D50 IVP
Glucagon 1mg IM or SQ
Explore Causes..
How do we diagnose Type 1?
Name 2
Hemoglobin A1C : 6.5% or higer
Fasting plasma glucose : <126mg/dL
2 hour plasma glucose : 200mg/dL
Classic Symptoms of hyperglycemia with random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher
Glycogenolysis
glucagon breaks down glycogen
What is acidosis?
Blood pH lower than 7.30
Serum Bicarb level <16 mEq/L
Kussmaul respiration=decrease in CO2
Treatment for HHS
name 2
1. Iv Fluids
2. IV insulin drip
3. IV electrolyte replacement
Signs & Symptoms
Name 5
shakiness & tremors
palpitations or tachycardia
nervousness & anxiety
pallor & diaphoresis
difficulty speaking, seeing, or focusing
stupor or confusion
can progress to level of consciousness, seizures, coma, & death