anemia
How is iron deficiency anemia treated?
iron replacement:
- ferrous sulfate 325 mg
- FeGluxonate 300 mg PO TID for 3-6 month
- iron dextran IM
What must you do to diagnose cancer?
biopsy
Durable Healthcare Power of Attorney (POA)
proxy that you name legally that will make decisions for you if you cannot make the decisions
What is the primary hormone responsible for prostate growth?
dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
How is pain managed for hospice pts?
morphine/roxanol
What can fresh frozen plasma be used for?
bringing down INRs really fast
Wet Desquamation
skin peeling its outermost layer of tissue; looks wet
Who goes on hospice?
if a serious disease or illness would cause death within 6 months if all treatment is stopped
What foods increase risk of BPH?
red meat and dairy
How are bladder spasms treated?
B&O suppository, which help relax smooth muscle around the bladder and help with spasms
What rate should blood run at?
1-2 mL/min for the first 15 mins, but once that 15 mins is up, we can increase the rate if vitals are ok
What are the cell cycle specific drugs?
antimetabolites
plant alkaloids
taxanes
Roxanol
type of morphine that is given as sublingual liquid
What PSA level is considered elevated?
What are the adverse effects of antiestrogens?
hot flashes, blood clots, weight gain
What will lab values of a pt with iron deficiency anemia look like?
- HGB - decreased
- MCV - decreased (microcytic)
- MCH/MCHC - decreased (hypochromic)
- Fe - decreased
- Ferritin - decreased
- TIBC - increased
What are the cell cycle non-specific drugs?
- Alkylating agents
- Nitrosoureas
- Antibiotics
What symptoms are managed for hospice pts?
- pain
- fevers
- nausea
- restlessness and sleep deprivation
- fatigue and weakness
- depression and anxiety
- dyspnea
What is the MOA of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (-asteride)?
prevents the changing of testosterone to DHT, shrinking the size of the prostate gland
What education do we want to provide about neutropenic precautions?
- don't share straws, utensils, cups
- great hand hygiene
- avoid crowds
- get a lot of rest
- avoid raw foods and fresh cut flowers
- report any signs of infections (sore throat, painful urination, diarrhea)
- fever of 100.4 or higher is an oncological emergency
Anaphylactic and Severe Allergic Reaction s/sx
abdominal pain, urticarial, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm, hypotension, shock, possible cardiac arrest; sensitivity to donor proteins
Fulcestrant (faslodex)
what it do
selective estrogen receptor degrader for post menopausal women with advanced breast cancer
What are the physical manifestations at the end of life when the pt has hours remaining?
- decreased hr
- irregular breathing: cheyenne-stokes
- terminal secretions
- bowel movement before or at the time of death
- obtunded: immobility, sagging or open jaw, loss of gag reflex, non-reactive pupils
- cool and mottled skin
- cyanosis or "wax-like" skin when death is imminent
What is the MOA of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers (-sin)?
promotes smooth muscle relaxation in prostate facilitating urinary flow
What will the lab values of a pt with B12 deficiency/pernicious anemia look like?
- HGB - decreased
- MCV - increased (macrocytic)
- MCH/MCHC- normal (normochromic)
- folate levels - normal or decreased
- Schillings Test - abnormal