GI Upper
What is the term for difficulty swallowing, often seen in esophageal disorders?
Dysphagia
What term refers to the inability to control bowel movements, leading to stool leakage?
Fecal incontinence
What is the term for an infection involving any part of the urinary system?
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
What gland is responsible for producing growth hormone?
Pituitary Gland
What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar?
Insulin
What type of hernia involves the stomach sliding into the thoracic cavity when lying down?
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
What condition involves inflammation of the stomach and small intestine, causing diarrhea and vomiting?
Gastroenteritis
What symptom involves painful or burning urination commonly associated with infections?
Dysuria
What is the condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland?
Name one of the three classic symptoms of diabetes.
Polydipsia, Polyuria, or Polyphagia
What disorder is characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?
Achalasia
What is the term for a surgically created opening in the abdominal wall for stool or urine diversion?
Ostomy
What infection of the kidney often develops from untreated lower UTIs?
Acute Pyelonephritis
What condition is caused by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to fluid retention?
SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
What is the most common chronic complication of diabetes affecting the retina?
Retinopathy
What potentially fatal complication occurs when esophageal varices rupture?
Hemorrhage
What chronic inflammatory condition increases the risk of fistulas and abscesses in the GI tract?
Crohn’s Disease
What condition involves partial occlusion of the renal artery, causing secondary hypertension?
Renal Artery Stenosis
What rare tumour leads to excessive secretion of catecholamines, causing episodes of severe hypertension?
Pheochromocytoma
Which phenomenon causes morning hyperglycemia due to counterregulatory hormones released during predawn hours?
Dawn Phenomenon
What surgical procedure involves the removal of part or all of the esophagus?
Esophagectomy
What life-threatening condition results from inflammation of the peritoneum, often due to a ruptured organ?
Peritonitis
Which renal condition is often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Lupus Nephritis
What diagnostic test involves withholding fluids to evaluate the body’s ability to concentrate urine?
Water Deprivation Test
Which test screens for early kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy?
Microalbuminuria test