The Immune System Strikes Back
Immunity gained through vaccination or exposure to an antigen.
What is active immunity?
Type I hypersensitivity can lead to this rapid, life-threatening response.
What is anaphylaxis?
Inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposits.
What is gout?
Lab that rises with heart failure and fluid overload.
What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)?
Bacterium responsible for peptic ulcer disease.
What is Helicobacter pylori?
Bacterium causing watery diarrhea and potassium loss.
What is Clostridioides difficile?
The first phagocytic cells to arrive at a site of inflammation.
What are neutrophils?
This deep tissue swelling often occurs with severe allergic reactions.
What is angioedema?
Degenerative vs autoimmune arthritis: which is inflammatory?
What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Hemodynamic measure of right atrial pressure and fluid status.
What is central venous pressure (CVP)?
Inflammation of the stomach lining from infection, NSAIDs, or alcohol.
What is acute gastritis?
Respiratory infection linked to contaminated water sources.
What is Legionella (Legionnaires’ disease)?
Proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific antigens.
What are antibodies?
Emergency medication that should be given during anaphylaxis.
What is epinephrine?
Spinal curvature that bends laterally.
What is scoliosis?
Procedure to visualize coronary arteries and diagnose blockages.
What is a cardiac catheterization?
Liver enzyme elevated with hepatocellular injury or pancreatitis.
What is ALT (alanine aminotransferase)?
Disorder of excessive ADH secretion causing fluid retention and hyponatremia.
What is SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)?
Messenger proteins that regulate inflammation and immune responses.
What are cytokines?
Chronic autoimmune disease with butterfly rash and joint pain.
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Hormone that decreases serum calcium and maintains bone density.
What is calcitonin?
Fluid around the heart compressing cardiac chambers.
What is cardiac tamponade?
Hepatitis types spread via fecal–oral route.
What are hepatitis A and E?
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder causing muscle fatigue and weakness.
What is myasthenia gravis?
These immune cells destroy virus-infected or malignant cells without prior exposure.
What are natural killer (NK) cells?
Disease caused by an overproduction of collagen, leading to thickened skin and Raynaud phenomenon.
What is scleroderma?
Soft, weak bones caused by vitamin D deficiency or malabsorption.
What is osteomalacia?
Condition of impaired venous return causing edema and skin discoloration.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?
Hepatitis types transmitted through blood and body fluids.
What are hepatitis B and C?
Neurologic disorder with tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
These T cells suppress immune activity after infection is cleared.
What are suppressor T cells?
Autoimmune inflammation of kidney glomeruli following strep infection.
What is glomerulonephritis?
Disease of accelerated bone remodeling causing deformity and pain.
What is Paget’s disease?
Causes peripheral edema vs causes pulmonary congestion.
What is the difference between right- and left-sided HF?
Post–laparoscopic cholecystectomy nursing interventions include early ambulation and deep breathing to prevent this.
What are respiratory and clotting complications?
Facial paralysis from cranial nerve VII inflammation.
What is Bell’s palsy?
This virus destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening immune defenses.
What is HIV infection?
Chronic disorder causing widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue.
What is fibromyalgia?
Post–hip replacement, patients should avoid crossing legs and bending hips past 90° to prevent this.
What is dislocation?
Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia
What is erythropoietin?
Procedure that removes fluid from a joint for diagnostic testing.
What is arthrocentesis?
Acute demyelinating disorder causing ascending paralysis and autonomic dysfunction.
What is Guillain–Barré syndrome?
The most important function of inflammation and immunity.
What is protection from infection and tissue injury?
Tick-borne bacterial infection causing bull’s-eye rash and joint involvement.
What is Lyme disease?
Traction used to reduce muscle spasms and prevent deformity; nurses must prevent DVT.
What is Buck’s traction?
Lab markers that rise with declining renal function.
What are BUN and creatinine?
Procedure to widen the esophagus when narrowed from stricture or scarring.
What is esophageal dilation?
Progressive motor neuron disease that requires early discussion of advance directives.
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?