Basics
The goal of this process is to produce gametes
What is meiosis?
The name of a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together during synapsis
What is Bivalent?
The process by which somatic cells are made
What is mitosis?
The name of the structures that undergoes crossing over
What are non-sister chromatids?
The process by with the cytoplasm separates in the cell cycle
What is cytokinesis?
How many and what type of cell does Meiosis end with
What are 4 haploid daughter cells
The phase of meiosis where the spindle attaches to the centromere and the chromosomes line up down the center
What is Metaphase?
The number of divisions of the cell during mitosis compared to meiosis
What is one division in mitosis and two in meiosis?
Crossing over exchanges this kind of material to increase genetic diversity
What is genetic material?
This structure is in the center of the chromosome and holds sister chromatids together
The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during this phase of meiosis
What is anaphase I?
The name for the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division in the daughter cells
What is nondisjunction?
The ploidy of the daughter cells produced by mitosis compared to meiosis
What is diploid for mitosis and haploid for meiosis?
The process of pairing homologous chromosomes during prophase I
What is synapsis?
The phase nondisjunction occurs during
What is anaphase?
This process increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes
What is crossing over?
The term for the random distribution of maternal and parental assortment into daughter cells
What is independent assortment?
These structures help to separate the chromosomes into daughter cells in both meiosis and mitosis
What are spindle fibers?
Crossing over and what other process increase genetic diversity in a species?
What is independent assortment?
What are histones?
Crossing over occurs during this phase of Meiosis I
What is Prophase I?
In this phase of meiosis, individual chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell
What is anaphase II?
4 daughter cells compared to 2 daughter cells
What is the number of daughter cells from meiosis compared to mitosis?
This is another way to increase genetic diversity in the DNA. This process requires the help of other enzymes and is made by cutting and rebinding DNA together.
What is recombinant DNA?
These structures are at the end of the chromosomes and act as a "cap"