Basic Meiosis Terms
This term refers to the process by which a single cell divides to form four genetically unique daughter cells.
Meiosis
This is the phase of meiosis where chromosomes (DNA) duplicate and form sister chromatids.
Interphase
The process in which chromosomes exchange segments during meiosis increases genetic variation.
Crossing over
If an organism's diploid number is 48, what is its haploid number?
24
This is the type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
The name for the two divisions that occur during meiosis.
meiosis I and meiosis II
In this phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate.
anaphase I
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein (trait).
The stage during meiosis is where the cell's chromosomes reduce from diploid to haploid.
Meiosis II
Which cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic (body) cells
The type of cells produced by meiosis.
gametes (sperm and egg cells)
This phase marks the end of meiosis I, where two daughter cells are formed.
telophase I
The product of fertilization?
Zygote
Sister chromatids are held together by this structure.
Centromere
The stage following meiosis (and mitosis) is where the division of the cytoplasm occurs.
Cytokinesis
The term for the number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is half of the original cell.
haploid number
In meiosis II, this phase is where sister chromatids are separated.
Anaphase II
The result of the random fusion of gametes from two parents.
Fertilization
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23 chromosomes
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, while mitosis results in this type of cell.
Diploid cell
The process by which homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis
synapsis
During this phase of meiosis, chromosomes align at the center of the cell for the second time.
Metaphase II
Matching chromosomes are called ____________ _______ .
What are homologous pairs?
What would happen if nondisjunction occurred during meiosis? How might it affect and organism?
Nondisjunction results in haploid cells having to many chromosomes. This could lead to a genetic disorder in the organism.
This phase occurs only in meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up.
Prophase I