Meiosis
the number of cells we start with vs end with
end with 4
what happens during termination
stuff
bond that forms between amino acids
peptide bond
nonsense mutation
point mutation that makes a stop codon show up early, terminating translation early
pairs of homologous chromosomes
tetrads
these things happen at the end of transcription
5' capping, splicing, polyadenylation (adding lots of As)
what happens during termination
stop codon, tRNA release factor comes in and releases amino acids from tRNA, large subunit dissociates, mRNA dissociates, small subunit dissociates
silent mutation
point mutation that does not affect the amino acid sequence
why crossing over happens
genetic variation
the promoter is transcribed
true or false
false
what happens during initiation
small subunit binds to RNA, large subunit comes in, Met gets placed at start codon at P site
incomplete dominance
blending of two alleles to get the phenotype
red + white = pink
the type of cells made at the end
gametes
relationship between the template strand and coding strand
(what is the coding strand? what is the template strand?)
they are complementary and antiparallel. They are the DNA strands
what the E, P, and A stand for
E = empty, exit
P = peptidyl tRNA
A = aminoacyl tRNA
co-dominance
seeing two phenotypes at the same time but they don't mix
red + white = red and white
how many steps to meiosis there are
10-12
supercoiling doesn't happen with transcription, and gyrase isn't used. Why not?
RNA polymerase goes around the DNA, it doesn't pull it apart and make it coil
why we go through transcription and translation
gotta make proteins, can't use the DNA to do it cuz it's in the nucleus and doesn't leave
gene definition
1. a region of specific DNA bases, whose sequence is transcribed into coding or non-coding RNA
2. The non-transcribed DNA bases regulate the temporal, spatial, and developmental expression of that RNA