Meiosis
What does meiosis create?
4 Haploid Cells (Gametes)
What do spindle fibers do?
Move chromosomes in the cell
What is the study of heredity?
Genetics
The gametes produced by each parent are shown along the sides of a ______________________?
Punnett Square
What are the stages of meiosis?
Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase and cytokinesis 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase and cytokinesis 2
During which phase do chromosomes line up in homologous pairs along the equator of the cell?
Metaphase I
In fox, red is dominant to grey fur color. If a homozygous red fox is mated with a grey fox and 6 offspring are produced, how many would you expect to be grey?
0
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: Genetic Makeup
Phenotype: Appearance/Physical Characteristics
If a diploid cell has two homologous pairs (Aa and Bb), what are the possible allele combinations that could be found in gametes produced by the meiotic division of this cell?
AB, Ab, ab, aB
Somatic cells are diploid, what are gametes?
haploid
When is the tetrad formed and how many chromatids does it consist of?
Prophase I, 4
A blue bird whose parents are both blue produces only red offspring when mated with a red bird. The blue bird is probably ?
Homozygous Recessive
What does homozygous mean? Give an example of a homozygous genotype.
Alleles are the SAME, TT or tt.
A couple has two children who are both boys. What is the chance that their next child will be a girl?
50%
If typical human body cells contain 46 chromosomes, how many do gametes (egg and sperm) contain?
23
When does crossing over happen and what is it?
Prophase I, exchanging genetic material to form new combinations of alleles between non sister chromatids
If a plant is dominant for tallness (T) and recessive for shortness (t), what would a homozygous recessive genotype be? What would its phenotype be?
tt, short
A heterozygous organism can also be described as a ____________________, a cross between two different traits.
Hybrid
If 2 heterozygous organisms mate, what will the ratio of their offspring be regarding phenotype?
3:1 or 75% Dominant
Explain the difference between diploid and haploid.
Diploid is when cells have 2 alleles for each trait, or two sets of chromosomes and haploid is when cells only contain 1 allele, or one set of chromosomes.
Describe what happens during each phase of Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Crossing over/pairs/tetrad, pairs line up in middle, pairs pull apart, nuclear membrane reforms and cell splits into 2.
2 cells enter Meiosis II, chromosomes visible, chromosomes line up along equator, chromatids pull apart, nuclear envelope reforms, cells split into 4 haploid cells
In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a single-combed hen. ALl the chicks in the F1 generation were kept together for several years. What is the expected phenotype of the F2 generation?
75% rose comb and 25% single comb
What is the difference between an allele and a gene?
gene is a specific unit of DNA whereas alleles are different forms of the same gene.
If an organism has a gamete containing 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each body cell?
20