World in 1750
Lat. American Revolutions + Nationalism
Industrial Revolution I
Industrial Revolution II
Imperialism
100
How did the rulers of the Tokugawa Shogunate react to the arrival of Europeans? (+50 points if you explain why they reacted that way)
They locked down the country:
-> illegal for anyone to enter or leave,
-> illegal to spread Christian teachings
-> increased the power of Samurai to enforce government orders
(They had seen Europeans colonizing other countries and didn't want to be next)
100
Which was the first Latin American country to win independence from a European power?
Haiti
100
What are the key factors of industrial production?
Materials
Labor
Machines
Fuel
100
Why was Adam Smith optimistic about the possibilities presented by the Industrial Revolution
Smith believed that industrial production would increase access to products, lifting the quality of living for everyone
100
Name three of the 19th century European colonial powers
England, France, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia, and Italy
200
How and why did the response of Mughal leaders to the arrival of Europeans differ from that of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
The Mughal leaders welcomed the arrival of European merchants, hoping that trade would make them rich
200
Which figure is remembered as the leader of Gran Colombia's (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama's) fight for independence?
Simón Bolivar
200
Describe the living conditions of working-class communities during the Industrial Revolution
Insecure, unhygienic, low-quality
200
What was the new class system that emerged during the Industrial Revolution?
Two-tiered system:
-> Owning class (bourgeoisie), accumulated wealth through their ownership of the means of production
-> Working class (proletariat), needed to work for wages
200
What were the motivations for European imperialism in Africa and Asia?
Desire for wealth (materials, markets, and labor)
Desire to spread European social, cultural, and political norms ("civilizing the barbarians," "White man's burden")
Competition between European countries for power
300
Describe the geographic extent of the Ottoman Empire at its peak.
300
How had the Latin American revolutions impacted Europe's economy?
The revolutions disrupted Europe's ability to extract resources from the Americas, causing them to seek new colonies in Africa and Asia
300
What did the Sadler Report reveal about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution in England?
Children worked in dangerous factory conditions for low pay
300
How did workers begin to protect themselves from exploitation during the industrial revolution?
They formed unions: collective agreements to make demands together
300
Why did England declare war on China during the late 19th century?
China had begun cracking down on England's Opium smuggling
400
List and describe the three main motivations for European exploration and colonization of the Americas
Glory: Desire to establish reputations as strong empires, not to be messed with.
Gold: Desire to generate wealth through resource extraction and opening of new markets.
God: Desire to spread religious and cultural beliefs (as a means of spreading power)
400
What was the impact of mercantilism in Latin America?
Mercantilism left most Latin American territories poor, as they were required to sell raw materials their mother-countries for low prices, while buying finished products from their mother countries for high prices
400
How did the Enclosure of the Commons lead to urbanization in England?
Left without access to the land and resources that they had previously cultivated to sustain themselves, many moved to cities looking for wage-paying jobs in factories
400
Why did Karl Marx believe that wage labor is an exploitative system?
Workers only get paid a small share of the value they create
400
Why did England, Russia, Germany, France, and other European countries unite against the Boxer Rebellion?
The Boxer's threatened colonial interests by seeking to expel Europeans from China
500
How did European colonization of the Americas contribute to the emergence of Enlightenment thinking?
European writers encountered Indigenous American societies with vastly different social systems from their own, leading Europeans to question the hierarchies which governed their lives
500
How did nationalism change the map of Europe in the 19th century?
500
Why was England the first country in Europe to industrialize?
1) Ample raw materials from their colonies
2) Large pool of desperate labor
3) Abundant fuel sources (at first rivers, later coal)
4) Stability
500
What did Marx believe would be necessary for the working class to achieve a secure, prosperous future?
A revolution in which the workers seize the means of production
500
What occurred at the Berlin Conference
The European colonial powers divided Africa amongst themselves