Fluid Mosaic Model
The term describes the flexible movement of lipids in the membrane
What is fluid?
What structure is not found in all cells?
What is the nucleus
Small, nonpolar molecules like O₂ cross the membrane this way.
What is simple diffusion?
This is the “powerhouse of the cell.”
What is the mitochondrion?
Proteins spanning the bilayer are called this.
What are integral proteins?
This word refers to the patchwork of proteins, lipids, and carbs in the membrane.
What is mosaic?
A liver cell, which detoxifies chemicals, would most likely contain a lot of
what is smooth ER
Water moves by this process.
What is osmosis?
These organelles perform photosynthesis in plant cells.
What are chloroplasts?
This type of protein is loosely attached to the membrane surface.
What are peripheral proteins?
f phospholipids couldn’t move laterally, the membrane would become this.
What is rigid?
this is not included in the endomembrane system?
What is the mitochondria
Glucose enters cells using this type of diffusion.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are unique because they both contain these two things besides membranes.
What is their own DNA and ribosomes?
Engulfing a bacterium is this type of endocytosis.
What is phagocytosis?
These molecules act as temperature “buffers” in animal membranes.
What is cholesterol?
These Organelles have a double membrane
What are the Mitochondria and the Chloroplast
The sodium-potassium pump moves how many Na⁺ and K⁺ ions per cycle?
3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in.
The endosymbiotic theory proposes what about mitochondria and chloroplasts?
what is the mitochondria and chloroplast have been absorbed and were their own cells at one point.
this is the name of the protein channels just for water?
What are aquaporins?
Explain why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity.
their double bonds create kinks, preventing tight packing of phospholipids.
This is the Function of the Rough ER
What is protein synthesis?
Coupled transport is considered a form of secondary active transport. Explain why.
It uses the energy from one molecule’s gradient (not ATP directly) to move another molecule against its gradient.
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called this, and they increase surface area for ATP production.
What are cristae?
Compare receptor-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis.
RME is selective, using receptors to bring in specific molecules; pinocytosis is nonspecific “cell drinking.”