how memory works
types of memory
storing/retriveing mem
forgetting
cognition
100

In the information processing model, explain the process of encoding. 

getting information into our memory system

100

implicit memories require __________ processing while explicit memories require _____________ processing. 

automatic; effortful

100

what are the two types of explicit memories? 

semantic  & episodic 

100

what is anterograde amnesia? 

the inability to form new explicit memories (automatic processing that enables the formation of new implicit memories is still in tact!) 

100

if one is engaging in convergent thinking, how do they engage with a problem? 

Narrowing the available solutions to determine the single best solution

200

around how many items can be stored in the short term memory at any one time?

7 (+/–2)

200

what constitutes explicit or declarative memory? 

facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”

200

what constitutes semantic memory? 

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

200

What occurs during proactive interference? 

prior learning disrupts your recall of new information; old lock combo gets in the way of remembering new lock combo 

200

what is a heuristic? 

simple thinking strategy that allows us to make quick judgements and solve problems efficiently; mental shortcuts

300

why is short term memory also called 'working memory'?

it is a sketchpad where your brain actively processes info 

300

what is sensory memory? 

recording of momentary images of scenes / sounds

300

what constitutes episodic memory? 

Explicit memory of personally experienced events

300

what is the misinformation effect? 

when misleading information has distorted one’s memory of an event; leads to false memories/false confessions 

300

what is confirmation bias? 

when we only seek out info that confirms out belief or when we judge sources that confirm our beliefs as more reliable/valid than sources that disconfirm our belief 

400

when we use the term 'parallel processing' in regards to how our brain works, what are we saying? 

Our brain processes many things simultaneously (some of them unconsciously); Brain’s natural mode of information processing

400

which of the following types of memory constitutes a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, iconic or echoic memory?

iconic 

400

what does the encoding specificity principle state? 

Cues / contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it 

400

what is source amnesia? 

Faulty memory for how, when or where information was learned

400

when someone estimate the likelihood of some event based on how closely the event matches their prototype of it, they are utilizing the ____________ heuristic. 

representative 

500

In Atkinson and Shiffrin’s three-stage model, what are the three types of memory systems? 

sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory

500

The memory of your first day of high school is considered a ________ memory while memory of how to ride a bike is a _________ memory. 

explicit (declarative) , implicit 

500

what are the 2 processing sites for explicit memories? 

Frontal lobes and hippocampus

500

what is infantile amnesia? what brain late-developing brain structure causes us to experience infantile amnesia? 

first 4 years of our lives are largely blank; hippocampus  

500

define the concept of belief perseverance 

clinging to one’s initial ideas after they have been discredited