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Systems & types of memory
Stort-term memory
Forgetting
Storage and Retrieval of Memories
Anatomy & Physiology of Memory
100
Declarative memory holds this type of information.
What is factual information?
100
This memory system has limited capacity. According to George Miller it can store up to 7 items. When it gets too full information is “bumped out” to make room for incoming information.
What is short-term memory?
100
This early researcher in the area of memory, and specifically forgetting, spent an exhaustive amount of time testing himself for his research. In one study he went through over 14,000 practice repetitions, memorizing 420 lists of nonsense syllables.
Who was Hermann Ebbinghaus?
100
Gleaned from previous experience with an object or event, this is a cluster of knowledge related to that object or event.
What is a schema?
100
Referencing whether loss occurs in memories acquired before or formed after an injury, these are the names of the two types of amnesia.
What are retrograde and anterograde amnesia? 
200
Recall and procedures, such as riding a bike, are handled by this memory system.
What is non declarative memory?
200
One of the primary methods of retaining information in short-term memory for longer than 20 seconds, it employs repitition.
What is rehearsal?
200
A result of ineffective encoding, this phenomenon is actually a result of never having actually inserted a piece of information into the memory in the first place, thus when one attempts to recall the information, it seems to have been forgotten.
What is pseudoforgetting?
200
To help gain access to memory, people can be given hints to jog their memories. Researchers refer to these as what.
What are retrieval cues?
200
Damage to this part of the brain can inhibit the ability to form new memories.
What is the hippocampus?
300
These memory systems contain personal facts and general facts, respectively.
What are episodic and semantic memory?
300
In order to remember more than 7 items in short-term memory, this can be done to increase capacity.
What is chunking?
300
This well known theory of forgetting attributes lost information to fading, over time, due to deterioration in the physiological mechanisms responsible for memories.
What is decay theory?
300
The well-known discrepancies in recall of events amongst eyewitnesses can be attributed to this.
What is misinformation affect?
300
This medical condition, a result of head injury, has given researchers useful insight into the anatomical basis of memory.
What is amnesia?
400
Someone who is deficient in this memory system is often referred to as absent minded.
What is prospective memory?
400
The four components: phonological loop, central executive, visuospatial sketchpad and episodic buffer are part of this complex model of short-term memory.
What is working memory?
400
Freud’s theory of why people forget things was that they repressed, either consciously or subconsciously, things which they did not wish to remember or face.
What is motivated forgetting?
400
Misattribution of a memory due to facts being credited to an incorrect source is called this.
What is a source-monitoring error?
400
This part of the brain is believed to house procedural memories.
What is the cerebellum?
500
This memory task is involved in recall of events from the past.
What is retrospective memory?
500
In regards to short-term memory, this personal, trait that is largely influenced by heredity, can be temporarily reduced with pressure and worry.
What is working memory capacity?
500
This diagram was Ebbinghaus’ way to show the results of his empirical studies of retention and loss of memories, displaying the amount of forgotten information over increasing intervals of time.
What is a forgetting curve?
500
The sensation of knowing a piece of information and feeling it to be just out of reach, but being unable to recall it, is referred to as this.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
500
While memory is probably not stored here, most theorists believe this lobe of the brain plays a key role in memory consolidation.
What is the medial temporal lobe?