Thinking Definitions
A label or mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas and people
Concept
After seeing news reports about people losing their jobs, Burt started to believe that he was in danger of being laid-off, Burt started lying awake in bed each ight worrying that he was about to be fired. What was the problem with Burt's thinking?
availability heuristic
What is the memory process that locates stored information and returns it to consciousness
Retrieval
General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned is contained in _____ memory
semantic
You are driving down the street when you see a billboard displaying a phone number for a service you need. You keep repeating the number over and over so you won't forget it until you get home, where you can write it down. You do this to prevent the process of _____ from causing you to forget the number
Decay
a strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
After spending 5 hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Jennifer finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Jennifer's experience best illustrates
Insight
the ability to recall the last items in a series is called
recency effects
The average person can hold in short-term memory a list of
seven-items
Ryan can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike, because he didn't' use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly. This would best be describe as a(n)______ memeory
Episodic
The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use
functional fixedness
Burt really likes chocolate ice cream. It's his favorite type of ice cream. Each time he tries a different flavor ice cream, he always compares it to chocolate. Burt's love of chocolate ice cream would be considered his
prototype
Memory in which people recall events in great detail is called a
flashbulb memory
ROYGBIV is fictitious name people use to help them remember the orders of colors in the rainbow. ROYGBIV is an example of
a mnemonic device
Remembering what the word summer means requires _____ memory, while remembering what you did on July 4th, 2014 requires _____ memory
semantic;episodic
People rely on and believe information that is more popular or easily recalled and overlook information that is less common
Availability heuristic
Deuce is 6 feet 6 inches tall, weighs 225 pounds and is very muscular. If you think that Deuce is more likely to be a basketball player than a teacher, you are a victim of
the representativeness heuristic
Sad feelings that trigger memories of another sad time are an example of
state-dependent memory
What are the three stages of memory in order
sensory memory, short-term, long term memory
Jessica is trying to remember a lsit of nouns like table, camera, and gun. One way she does this is by repeatedly thinking about how useful each item would be if she were on vacation. Jessica is employing
elaborative rehearsal
A "typical" memory of a category, one with the most defining features of that category
Prototype
stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates...
Overconfidence
Studying for a test in the same room it will be held may result in a better grade because of
context-dependent memory
Cameron was trying to learn the new plays his basketball coach had devised for the team. Unfortunately, Cameron found that he was having trouble learning the new plays because he kept confusing with the places he had learned with his old coach last season. Cameron is experiencing _____ interference
Proactive
Burt B. Was in an accident that damaged his brain. Now he has lost his memory for all events occuring after his accident. Burt's accident resulted in
Anterograde amnesia