working memory
we use ____________ to store and process information we are currently thinking about.
working memory, or short-term memory
____________ is the structure that deals with the fear response
amygdala
procedural memory like the ability to ride a bike is an example of ___________ memory.
implicit
the 90's mall study proved that our memories are __________ because they can be influenced by ____________
unreliable, outside sources (or similar terms)
the three stages of retrieval
recall, recognition, relearning
when people are given 5 seconds to view the arrangement of pieces in a chess game, chess experts remember nearly all the pieces while non-experts remember on average only 9 of 32 pieces. However, when the chess pieces are randomly arranged on the board, chess experts and non-experts do not differ in their memory for the pieces.
What is this an example of?
chunking
____________ stress puts our body on hyper alert; this flood of “stress chemicals” results in a loss of brain cells and an inability to form new ones, which affects our ability to retain new information
chronic
__________ memory is essentially limitless
long term
participants were shown a magnifying glass and told to envision a lollipop, then later recalled seeing _______________
both the magnifying glass and lollipop
a fill in the blank, or short answer question on a test is an example of _________
recall
the _____________ of short-term or working memory is 7 +/- 2 items
storage capacity
Depression can make someone 40% more likely to have memory problems. Low __________ levels (connected to arousal) makes depressed individuals less attentive to new information
serotonin
episodic and semantic memory are both types of ___________ memory
explicit
the war study example tells us that when we know what’s going to happen, we usually _______ our _________ of what we thought to be consistent with what we know will happen
alter or change, memory or opinion
a matching or multiple choice section of a test would be an example of _________
recognition
____________ of working memory is about 2-18 seconds
duration
dwelling on the past, a symptom of __________, makes it hard to focus on present information and make memories
depression
the _________ type of implicit memory is demonstrated, for example, when you automatically become sad upon arriving at the dentist's office
emotional
a pilot who relies on search engines crashing a plane because he forgot a basic piece of information, would be an example of a consequence/disadvantage of the __________
google effect
studying for a test is an example of ___________
relearning
____________________ refers to the phenomenon wherein an object's position on a list will influence how likely it is to be recalled (e.g. primacy and recency effect)
serial position effect
what are some (at least 4) ways to manage stress to improve our ability to form and retrieve memories?
e.g. exercise, eating healthy, brain workouts like social interaction, crosswords, learning a new language, sufficient/regular sleep, more
__________ memory is another term for explicit memory, and ____________ memory is another term for implicit
declarative, non-declarative (respectively)
How can false memories impact eyewitness testimony?
a witness can claim to have witnessed something that never happened if something or someone causes them to have a false memory of it. then, it can lead to false conviction of a defendant.
3 stages of memory making
encoding/sensory input, storage, retrieval