Measuring Retention
Memory Models
Memory Models
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
What is Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly
What is Short-term Memory
The immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
What is Sensory Memory
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned association independent of conscious recollection
What is Implicit Memory
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
What are Mnemonics.
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
What is Recall
The process of getting information into the brain or memory system
What is Encoding
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
What is Long-term Memory
Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, frequency, and well learned information.
What is Automatic Processing
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading.
What is the Testing Effect
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.
What is Recognition
Processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem at once.
What is Parallel Processing
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming sensory information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
What is Working Memory
Organizing items into familiar manageable units
What is Chunking.
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words
What is Shallow Processing
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.
What is Relearning
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
What is Storage
Encoding requires attention and conscious effort.
What is Effortful Processing.
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
What is Echoic Memory
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term than is achieved through massed study or practice
What is the Spacing Effect.
The process of getting information into the memory system
What is Encoding
The process of getting information out of memory storage
What is Retrieval
Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and declare.
What is Explicit Memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
What is Iconic Memory
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words; tends to yield the best retention.
What is Deep Processing