Memory Types
Remembering how to play an instrument is an example of which type of memory?
What is implicit/procedural memory?
This phenomenon strengthens synapses through high-frequency stimulation and is critical for learning and memory.
What is LTP?
This brain region combines information from many sensory systems and is critical for memory formation and storage.
What is the medial temporal lobe?
Patient H.M. exhibited this type of amnesia, characterized by an inability to form new memories following surgery.
What is anterograde amnesia?
These specialized hippocampal neurons are maximally active when an animal is at a specific location.
What are place cells?
You are telling your friend about the life changing experience of seeing JoJo Siwa in Salomon DECI. Recalling this story is exemplifying which type of memory?
What is explicit/declarative memory?
Weak NMDA receptor activation typically leads to this form of synaptic weakening.
What is LTD?
The process of memory consolidation is influenced by these two factors, which increase the likelihood of long-term retention.
What are salience and emotion?
This type of memory remained intact in H.M., allowing him to learn new tasks without recalling the learning events.
What is procedural memory?
This grid-like neuronal pattern is found in the entorhinal cortex and serves as an internal GPS for navigation.
What are grid cells?
This brain region, crucial for working memory, helps us hold information temporarily and manipulate it, like remembering a phone number.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This receptor, known as a "coincidence detector," requires presynaptic and postsynaptic activity for ion flow.
What is the NMDA receptor?
Reconsolidation, a process related to consolidation, occurs when recalling memories. It makes them vulnerable to this.
What is modification or alteration?
Bruno the bear was walking down Thayer Street when all of a sudden an avalanche of Jo's mozzarella sticks falls from the sky, causing severe head trauma. He can no longer remember his childhood or teenage years, demonstrating this type of amnesia.
A study on London taxi drivers demonstrated that the hippocampus becomes (larger/smaller) with increased years of navigation experience.
What is larger?
These two parts of the brain are involved in skeletal musculature and emotional responses in classical conditioning.
What are the cerebellum and the amygdala?
The synaptic enhancement during LTP is largely due to the increased presence of this receptor type in the postsynaptic membrane.
What is AMPA?
Inhibiting this biological process in rats prevents long-term memory formation, even when short-term memory is initially intact.
What is protein synthesis?
Patient H.M. had this brain region removed, which revealed critical insights into memory storage and consolidation.
What is medial temporal lobe (bilateral)?
The ____ model of memory storage suggests that two brain regions, the _____ and the _____ are always both involved in memory storage, with a new trace being added each time a memory is retrieved.
What is the multiple trace model.... hippocampus and neocortex?
Short-term memories are stored via this type of modification.
What is post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins?
This is the feature of LTP that describes when a mildly active synapse acts at the SAME TIME as a strongly active synapse and BOTH synapses are strengthened.
What is associativity?
Memory consolidation can be improved by this.
What is sleep?
This was the cause of Clive Wearing's amnesia.
What is viral encephalitis?
This type of drug can interfere with memory formation and, when given to a patient, shows decreased fMRI activity in the hippocampus.
What are benzodiazepines?